本文详细介绍了如何在 CentOS 7.2 上部署 Kubernetes 1.7.5 版本集群，包括环境配置、安装 Docker 和 Kubernetes 组件、镜像下载及标签更改、安装 kubeadm 工具、搭建 Master 节点和 Node 节点、安装网络插件 Weave 以及部署 Kubernetes Dashboard 等关键步骤。
原文：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/u010209217/article/details/78533936（胖蚂蚁_alleyz）
Kubernetes 1.7.5部署
环境
- 系统
CentOS 7.2 - CPU
8 cores - 内存
16G 64G 64G - 三台主机，
hostname为hd-22 hd-26 hd-28其中hd-22为master节点
准备工作
系统设置
- 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld - 禁用交换内存
swapoff -a - 禁用SELinux
setenforce 0
配置yum源
docker
# cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/docker-main.repo <<EOF
name=Docker main Repository
baseurl=https://get.daocloud.io/docker/yum-repo/main/centos/7 enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://get.daocloud.io/docker/yum/gpg EOFkubernetes
# cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 EOF安装docker以及kubernetes
docker安装
# yum -y install docker-engine
# mkdir -p /etc/docker
# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"] } EOF # systemctl enable docker && systemctl start dockerkubernetes安装
k8s集群分为master节点和node节点，master节点主要用于对于集群进行管理。k8s安装一般有两种安装方式，第一种为官方提供的工具kubeadm安装，第二种为二进制文件安装，此处主要介绍第一种
镜像下载
注意：由于使用
kubeadm在安装的过程中会使用一些谷歌开源的镜像，但是国内无法访问到gcr.io，所以此处需要手动去pull镜像并进行docker tag操作。此处我已编译的k8s镜像为v1.7.5
# docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.4
# docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.4
# docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.4
# docker pull alleyj/controller-manager-amd64:v1.7.5
# docker pull alleyj/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker pull alleyj/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker pull alleyj/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker pull alleyj/kube-discovery-amd64:1.0 # docker pull alleyj/dnsmasq-metrics-amd64:1.0 # docker pull alleyj/etcd-amd64:3.0.17 # docker pull alleyj/exechealthz-amd64:1.2 # docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1 # docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1 # docker pull alleyj/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1 # docker pull alleyj/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker pull alleyj/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker pull alleyj/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker pull alleyj/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker pull alleyj/pause-amd64:3.0 # 下载后可将其push至自己的私服中方便其他节点使用，此处省略 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.4 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.4 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.4 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.4 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.4 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.4 # docker tag alleyj/controller-manager-amd64:v1.7.5 gcr.io/google_containers/controller-manager-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker tag alleyj/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.7.5 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker tag alleyj/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.7.5 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker tag alleyj/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.7.5 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.7.5 # docker tag alleyj/kube-discovery-amd64:1.0 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-discovery-amd64:1.0 # docker tag alleyj/dnsmasq-metrics-amd64:1.0 gcr.io/google_containers/dnsmasq-metrics-amd64:1.0 # docker tag alleyj/etcd-amd64:3.0.17 gcr.io/google_containers/etcd-amd64:3.0.17 # docker tag alleyj/exechealthz-amd64:1.2 gcr.io/google_containers/exechealthz-amd64:1.2 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.1 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.1 # docker tag alleyj/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1 gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.1 # docker tag alleyj/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.6.0 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker tag alleyj/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.6.0 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker tag alleyj/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.6.0 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker tag alleyj/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.6.0 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.6.0 # docker tag alleyj/pause-amd64:3.0 gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0安装kubeadm等
# yum -y install kubectl kubeadm kubelet kubernetes-cni
# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet每个节点都需要安装，安装结束后启动
kubelet后状态为loaded
Master节点安装
# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.7.5执行此命令后会进行kubernetes安装，如果卡在一个步骤不动的话，可通过journalctl -xue | kubelet查看具体的错误，直到输出类似于:kubeadm join --token fa1219.d7b8db5b25685776 10.8.177.22:6443时候，安装完成，记录下次命令，此命令为后续节点交由master管理的指令。
接着执行：
# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 说明，如果需要由普通用户执行kubectl命令，也可以进行以上操作此时，执行kubectl get nodes
# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION
hd-22 NoReady 1d v1.7.5节点显示NoReady是因为没有安装网络插件，此处选用weave,在master上执行
# curl -O https://git.io/weave-kube-1.6
# kubectl apply -f weave-daemonset-k8s-1.6.yaml安装node，加入集群
# yum -y install kubectl kubeadm kubelet kubernetes-cni
# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
# kubeadm join --token fa1219.d7b8db5b25685776 10.8.177.22:6443以上，安装完成。
验证
查看nodes信息:
# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION hd-22 Ready 1d v1.7.5 hd-26 Ready 23h v1.7.5 hd-28 Ready 23h v1.7.5 [k8s@hd-22 ~]$
查看pods信息
# kubectl get po -n=kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
etcd-hd-22 1/1 Running 0 1d kube-apiserver-hd-22 1/1 Running 0 1d kube-controller-manager-hd-22 1/1 Running 0 1d kube-dns-2425271678-nsfts 3/3 Running 0 1d kube-proxy-0f4nd 1/1 Running 0 23h kube-proxy-1q518 1/1 Running 0 23h kube-proxy-943l5 1/1 Running 0 1d kube-scheduler-hd-22 1/1 Running 0 1d weave-net-f0nrb 2/2 Running 0 1d weave-net-fxzl0 2/2 Running 0 23h weave-net-lp448 2/2 Running 0 23h如果发现某个pod状态不是running则执行kubectl describe <podName> -n=kube-system查看具体的报错信息.
安装kubernetes-dashboard 1.7.1
kubernetes-dashboard 1.6.x以前和1.7.x的差距比较大，主要增加了一些https的认证
镜像准备
# docker pull alleyj/kubernetes-dashboard-init-amd64:v1.0.1
# docker pull alleyj/kubernetets/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.7.1
# docker pull alleyj/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3
# docker pull alleyj/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
# docker pull alleyj/heapster-amd64:v1.4.0 # 下载后可将其push至自己的私服中方便其他节点使用，此处省略 # docker tag alleyj/kubernetes-dashboard-init-amd64:v1.0.1 gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-init-amd64:v1.0.1 # docker tag alleyj/kubernetets gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetets # docker tag alleyj/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 # docker tag alleyj/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3 gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3 # docker tag alleyj/heapster-amd64:v1.4.0 gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-amd64:v1.4.0认证文件准备
# openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 -keyout alleyz.key -x509 -days 365 -out dashboard.crt按照提示输入（最后一个需要输入master的主机名称）：
Generating a 4096 bit RSA private key
............................................................................................................................................................................................++ ......................................................................................++ writing new private key to 'alleyz.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86 State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:hollycrm Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:td Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:hd-22最终会产生两个文件:
# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2086 Nov 14 09:59 dashboard.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3272 Nov 14 09:59 dashboard.key # pwd /root/k8s/dash-certs ## 必须得执行此句话 # kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/root/k8s/dash-certs -n kube-systemdashboard YAML文件
# curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml启动dashboard
# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml启动后并不能直接访问，如果当前Master服务可以打开浏览器的话需要执行：
# kubectl proxy
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8001
在本机可用http://127.0.0.1:8001访问，如果期望在其他机器上进行访问，则需要执行下边的命令：
# kubectl -n kube-system edit service kubernetes-dashboard将type: ClusterIP中的ClusterIP改为NodePort,接着查看开放的端口号：
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 10.96.144.60 <nodes> 443:30686/TCP 8h可以看到映射的端口号为30686此时，通过https://10.8.177.22:30686/即可成功访问！！！
后记
在dashboard登录的界面发现需要使用kubeconfig或者Token的方式登录，此处需要进行繁琐的SSL认证授权操作，所以，如果是测试环境可执行以下：
# cat > dashboard-admin.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system EOF # kubectl create -f dashboard-admin.yaml
然后登录的时候直接选择skip即可看到所有的集群信息了
总结
在集群安装中经常出现各种各样的错误，所以需要及时查看日志进行修复，常用的命令：
journalctl -xue | kubelet根据输出解决安装的问题kubectl describe <podName> -n=kube-system查看内部pod启动错误的原因kubectl logs -f <podName> -n=kube-system查看容器内部的日志
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