Zookeeper教程:快速开始以及结合java实现分布式Barrier和Queue

本文详细介绍Zookeeper的基础概念、安装配置及实战应用。包括快速开始、Java API操作、分布式Barrier实现和队列设计等内容。

(一)快速开始: (1)概述:Zookeeper是Hadoop的一个子项目,它是分布式系统中的协调系统,可提供的服务主要有:配置服务、名字服务、分布式同步、组服务等。 (2)使用常见:1,统一配置:把配置放在ZooKeeper的节点中维护,当配置变更时,客户端可以收到变更的通知,并应用最新的配置。2,集群管理:集群中的节点,创建ephemeral的节点,一旦断开连接,ephemeral的节点会消失,其它的集群机器可以收到消息。3,分布式锁:多个客户端发起节点创建操作,只有一个客户端创建成功,从而获得锁。 (3)安装和配置:通过官方下载链接zookeeper 进行下载,解压后进入conf目录,新建一个zoo.conf文件,配置内容如下:

tickTime=2000
dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/data dataLogDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLog clientPort=4399 initLimit=5 syncLimit=2 tickTime: ZooKeeper基本时间单位(ms) initLimit: 指定了启动zookeeper时,zookeeper实例中的随从实例同步到领导实例的初始化连接时间限制,超出时间限制则连接失败(以tickTime为时间单位); syncLimit: 指定了zookeeper正常运行时,主从节点之间同步数据的时间限制,若超过这个时间限制,那么随从实例将会被丢弃 dataDir: zookeeper存放数据的目录; clientPort: 用于连接客户端的端口

接下来进入bin目录启动ZooKeeper实例以及客户端连接:

./zkServer.sh start ./zkCli.sh -server localhost:4399 接下来看看集群如何配置,其实跟单机差不多,这里我们把刚刚下载的Zookeeper复制多两份,一共是三个,配置信息如下:

tickTime=2000
dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/data dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLog clientPort=4399 initLimit=5 syncLimit=2 server.1=127.0.0.1:8880:9990 server.2=127.0.0.1:8881:9991 server.3=127.0.0.1:8882:9992 三个文件夹下面的zoo.conf都是这个格式,需要修改dataDir,dataDir,clientPort, 然后在dataDir所指向的目录下面新建一个myid文件,对应server.x,比如第一个文件夹下面的myid就填入一个1,第二个就填入一个2,以此类推。接着依次启动即可。可以采用下面的命令

echo "1" > myid (二)使用java来操作ZooKeeper实例 一门技术最重要的就算实战了,接下来的内容将围绕这一部分来讲。 (1)首先是Znode的创建和删除 Znode有两种类型:短暂的和持久的。短暂的znode在创建的客户端与服务器端断开(无论是明确的断开还是故障断开)连接时,该znode都会被删除;相反,持久的znode则不会 public class CreateGroup implements Watcher { //会话延时 private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 1000; //zk对象 private ZooKeeper zk = null; //同步计数器 private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); //客户端连接到服务器时会触发观察者进行调用 public void process(WatchedEvent event) { if(event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected){ countDownLatch.countDown();//计数器减一 } }

public void connect(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this);
    countDownLatch.await();//阻塞程序继续执行
}
//创建GROUP
public void create(String groupName) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{
    String path = "/" + groupName;
    //允许任何客户端对该znode进行读写,以及znode进行持久化
    String createPath = zk.create(path, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
    System.out.println("Created "+createPath);
}
//关闭zk
public void close() throws InterruptedException{
    if(zk != null){
        try {
            zk.close();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw e;
        }finally{
            zk = null;
            System.gc();
        }
    }
}

//测试主类
public static void main(String args[]){
    String host = "127.0.0.1:4399";
    String groupName = "test";
    CreateGroup createGroup = new CreateGroup();
    try {
        createGroup.connect(host);
        createGroup.create(groupName);
        createGroup.close();
        createGroup = null;
        System.gc();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (KeeperException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }   
}
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接下来把创建和销毁分离出来作为一个独立的类,以后相关操作可以直接使用

public class ConnetctionWatcher implements Watcher {

private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 5000;

protected ZooKeeper zk = null;
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
    KeeperState state = event.getState();

    if(state == KeeperState.SyncConnected){
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}
public void connection(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this);
    countDownLatch.await();
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
    if (null != zk) {
        try {
            zk.close();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw e;
        }finally{
            zk = null;
            System.gc();
        }
    }
}
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} 接下来我们看看节点如何删除

public class DeleteGroup extends ConnetctionWatcher { public void delete(String groupName) { String path = "/" + groupName;

    try {
        List<String> children = zk.getChildren(path, false);

        for(String child : children){
            zk.delete(path + "/" + child, -1);
        }
        zk.delete(path, -1);//版本号为-1,
    } catch (KeeperException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
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} git上面还有官方给的例子的代码,放在类Executor.java,DataMonitor.java,DataMonitorListener.java。有兴趣可以看一下,试着自己实现一下。

(三)利用java实现分布式Barrier Barrier是一种控制和协调多个任务触发次序的机制。简单来说就是用一个屏障把将要执行的任务拦住,等待所有任务都处于可运行状态才放开屏障,其实在单机上我们可以利用CyclicBarrier来实现这个机制,但是在分布式环境下,我们可以利用ZooKeeper可以派上用场,我们可以利用一个Node来作为Barrier的实体,然后要Barrier的任务通过调用exists检测是否Node存在,当需要打开Barrier时候,删除这个Node,这样ZooKeeper的watch机制会通知到各个任务可以开始执行。接下来看代码:

public class Barrier extends SyncPrimitive { int size; String name;

Barrier(String address, String root, int size) {
    super(address);
    this.root = root;
    this.size = size;
    //创建Barrier的Node
    if (zk != null) {
        try {
            Stat s = zk.exists(root, false);
            if (s == null) {
                zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
            }
        } catch (KeeperException e) {
            System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Interrupted exception");
        }
    }
    try {
        name = new String(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName().toString());
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        System.out.println(e.toString());
    }

}

/**
 * 加入Barrier等待
 */

boolean enter() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{
    zk.create(root + "/" + name, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
    while (true) {
        synchronized (mutex) {
            List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true);
            if (list.size() < size) {
                mutex.wait();
            } else {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 一直等待知道指定数量节点到达
 */

boolean leave() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{
    zk.delete(root + "/" + name, 0);
    while (true) {
        synchronized (mutex) {
            List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true);
                if (list.size() > 0) {
                    mutex.wait();
                } else {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
}
复制代码

父类代码如下:

public class SyncPrimitive implements Watcher { static ZooKeeper zk = null; static Integer mutex; //根节点 String root; SyncPrimitive(String address) { if(zk == null){ try { System.out.println("Starting ZK:"); zk = new ZooKeeper(address, 3000, this); mutex = new Integer(-1); System.out.println("Finished starting ZK: " + zk); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); zk = null; } } //else mutex = new Integer(-1); }

synchronized public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
    synchronized (mutex) {
        System.out.println("Process: " + event.getType());
        mutex.notify();
    }
}

public static void queueTest(String args[]) {
    Queue q = new Queue(args[1], "/app1");

    System.out.println("Input: " + args[1]);
    int i;
    Integer max = new Integer(args[2]);

    if (args[3].equals("p")) {
        System.out.println("Producer");
        for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
            try{
                q.produce(10 + i);
            } catch (KeeperException e){

            } catch (InterruptedException e){

            }
    } else {
        System.out.println("Consumer");

        for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
            try{
                int r = q.consume();
                System.out.println("Item: " + r);
            } catch (KeeperException e){
                i--;
            } catch (InterruptedException e){

            }
        }
    }
}

public static void barrierTest(String args[]) {
    Barrier b = new Barrier(args[1], "/b1", new Integer(args[2]));
    try{
        boolean flag = b.enter();
        System.out.println("Entered barrier: " + args[2]);
        if(!flag) System.out.println("Error when entering the barrier");
    } catch (KeeperException e){

    } catch (InterruptedException e){

    }
    Random rand = new Random();
    int r = rand.nextInt(100);
    for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

        }
    }
    try{
        b.leave();
    } catch (KeeperException e){
    } catch (InterruptedException e){
    }
    System.out.println("Left barrier");
}
//测试用的主类
public static void main(String args[]) {
    /*
    args =new String[] {"qTest","localhost:4399","3","c"};
    if (args[0].equals("qTest"))
        queueTest(args);
    else
        barrierTest(args);
     */
}
复制代码

} (四)分布式队列(Queue) 在分布式环境下,实现Queue需要高一致性来保证,那么我们可以这样来设计。把一个Node当成一个队列,然后children用来存储内容,利用ZooKeeper提供的顺序递增的模式(会自动在name后面加入一个递增的数字来插入新元素)。于是在offer时候我们可以使用create,take时候按照顺序把children第一个delete就可以了。ZooKeeper保证了各个server上数据是一致的。废话不多说了,直接看代码

/**

  • 一个消费者-生产者模式的消息队列 */ public class Queue extends SyncPrimitive {

    Queue(String address, String name) { super(address); this.root = name; if (zk != null) { try { Stat s = zk.exists(root, false); if (s == null) { zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } } catch (KeeperException e) { System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Interrupted exception"); } } }

    /**

    • 队列中插入数据 */

    boolean produce(int i) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); byte[] value;

     b.putInt(i);
     value = b.array();
     zk.create(root + "/element", value, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL);
    
     return true;
    复制代码

    }

    /**

    • 把元素从队列中移除 */ int consume() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ int retvalue = -1; Stat stat = null;

      //得到现在队列中首个可用的节点 while (true) { synchronized (mutex) { List list = zk.getChildren(root, true); if (list.size() == 0) { System.out.println("Going to wait"); mutex.wait(); } else { Integer min = new Integer(list.get(0).substring(7)); for(String s : list){ Integer tempValue = new Integer(s.substring(7)); //System.out.println("Temporary value: " + tempValue); if(tempValue < min) min = tempValue; } System.out.println("Temporary value: " + root + "/element" + min); byte[] b = zk.getData(root + "/element" + min, false, stat); zk.delete(root + "/element" + min, 0); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(b); retvalue = buffer.getInt();

               return retvalue;
           }
       }
      复制代码

      }

    }

}

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