使用root账户两种方法
1. 用安装时的账户给root设定密码
sudo passwd root

2. sudo -i

允许root远程ssh登录
sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes

sudo service ssh restart


查询软件包是否安装
dpkg -l | grep package-name

查看已安装软件包内的文件
dpkg -L package-name

查询文件所对应的软件包
dpkg -S file-name

安装sysv-rc-conf管理开机自启服务

aptitude -y install sysv-rc-conf


sysv-rc-conf --list

sysv-rc-conf


useradd建立用户时建立用户目录和mail目录

vi /etc/default/useradd

SHELL=/bin/bash

CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes


vi /etc/login.defs

CREATE_HOME     yes


使用mail查看邮件

aptitude -y install mailutils

加入mail group才可使用mail命令查看邮件

usermod -G mail user-name


使用阿里云源
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse


设定主机名
vi /etc/hosts
remove or comment the line beginning with 127.0.1.1

vi /etc/hostname

设定静态IP地址--eth0
vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.44.13
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.44.200
   dns-nameservers 210.22.84.3

不设定IP地址--eth1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
   up ip link set dev $IFACE up
   down ip link set dev $IFACE down

设定静态路由
up route add -net 172.20.11.0/16 gw 172.20.10.254 dev eth1

down route del -net 172.20.11.0/16 gw 172.20.10.254 dev eth1


安装KVM

aptitude -y install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils

modprobe vhost_net
echo vhost_net >> /etc/modules


设定bridge interface --只对有线网卡有效

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet manual


auto br0

iface br0 inet static

   address 192.168.44.13
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.44.200
   dns-nameservers 210.22.84.3

   bridge_ports eth0
   bridge_stp off

   bridge_fd 0

   bridge_maxwait 0


设定active-backup mode bonding interface

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
  bond-master bond0
  bond-primary eth0

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
  bond-master bond0

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
   address 192.168.44.13
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.44.200
   dns-nameservers 210.22.84.3
   bond-mode active-backup
   bond-miimon 100
   bond-slaves eth0 eth1

设定 802.3ad LACP mode bonding interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
  bond-master bond0

auto eth1
  iface eth1 inet manual
  bond-master bond0

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
   address 192.168.44.13
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.44.200
   dns-nameservers 210.22.84.3
   bond-mode 4
   bond-miimon 100
   bond-lacp-rate 1
   bond-slaves eth0 eth1


reboot


修改注释颜色

vi /etc/vim/vimrc

highlight Comment ctermfg=none


Hot Add vm disk to ubuntu in vmware workstation:

  1. aptitude -y install scsitools

  2. cat /proc/partitions

  3. add vm disk

  4. rescan-scsi-bus

  5. cat /proc/partitions

  6. fdisk /dev/sdx


Regenerate OpenSSH Host Keys
dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server


安装virt-manager管理工具：(参考http://www.ilanni.com/?p=6055)

apt-get update; apt-get -y install virt-manager qemu-system