持续更新, 日后在补
Linux C多线程编程Linux中查看库函数中结构体定义的方法
在/usr/include/目录下
1. 生成tags文件 命令:sudo ctags -R
2. 搜索(宏、结构体)命令: vi -t 名称
3.然后就看见它们的定义了 ctrl + ] (进入) ctrl + t (返回)
进程资源信息 struct rusage
include
利用getrusage可以得到进程的相关资源信息。如:用户开销时间,系统开销时间,接收的信号量等等;
下面是rusage的结构:
struct rusage {
struct timeval ru_utime; /* user CPU time used */ 用户态下执行总时间
struct timeval ru_stime; /* system CPU time used */ 内核态下执行总时间。
long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */
long ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size */
long ru_idrss; /* integral unshared data size */
long ru_isrss; /* integral unshared stack size */
long ru_minflt; /* page reclaims (soft page faults) */
long ru_majflt; /* page faults (hard page faults) */
long ru_nswap; /* swaps */
long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */
long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */
long ru_msgsnd; /* IPC messages sent */
long ru_msgrcv; /* IPC messages received */
long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */
long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */
long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */
};
如果参数who是RUSAGE_SELF,则得到的是当前进程的资源信息。如果是RUSAGE_CHILDREN,则将返回当进程的终止掉的子进程和等待子进程的资源信息。当调用成功后,返回0,否则-1;
下面是一个例子:
int who = RUSAGE_SELF;
struct rusage usage;
int ret;
ret = getrusage(who, &usage);
这样你就可以用usage获取你想要的东西了;
同样wait3()和wait4()两个函数也可以得到进程资源信息
struct itimerval {
struct timeval it_interval; /* 计时器重启动的间歇值 next_val*/
struct timeval it_value; /* 计时器安装后首先启动的初始值 cur_val*/
};
struct timeval {
long tv_sec; /* 秒 seconds */
long tv_usec; /* 微妙(1/1000000) microseconds */
};
getitimer and setitimer
#include <sys/time.h>
int getitimer(int which, struct itimerval *value);
int setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *restrict value,
struct itimerval *restrict ovalue);
setitimer()将value指向的结构体设为计时器的当前值,如果ovalue不是NULL,将返回计时器原有值。
which:间歇计时器类型,有三种选择
ITIMER_REAL //数值为0,计时器的值实时递减,发送的信号是SIGALRM。
ITIMER_VIRTUAL //数值为1,进程执行时递减计时器的值,发送的信号是SIGVTALRM。
ITIMER_PROF //数值为2,进程和系统执行时都递减计时器的值,发送的信号是SIGPROF。
返回说明:
成功执行时,返回0。失败返回-1,errno被设为以下的某个值
EFAULT:value或ovalue是不有效的指针
EINVAL:其值不是ITIMER_REAL,ITIMER_VIRTUAL 或 ITIMER_PROF之一
struct passwd
{char * pw_name; /* Username, POSIX.1 */
char * pw_passwd; /* Password */
__uid_t pw_uid; /* User ID, POSIX.1 */
__gid_t pw_gid; /* Group ID, POSIX.1 */
char * pw_gecos; /* Real Name or Comment field */
char * pw_dir; /* Home directory, POSIX.1 */
char * pw_shell; /* Shell Program, POSIX.1 */
};
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
当您需要取得有关某个使用者的资讯时,大致上有以下几个函数可以使用:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * getpwuid(uid_t uid);
当您知道使用者的uid(user id)时,可以透过getpwuid来得知所有关於该使用者的相关资讯。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * getpwnam(char * name);
当您知道使用者名称时,可以透过getpwnam来得知所有关於该使用者的相关资讯。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int getpw(uid_t uid, char *buf);
当您仅需要取得使用者的密码进行比对时,可以使用getpw。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
另外,有存取一系列使用者资讯的方法。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILE * pwdopen(void);
开启password档案。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * pwdread(FILE * stream,struct passwd *p);
读取一个使用者资讯进来,填到p中,返回p为成功,NULL为失败。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setpwent(void);
将读取资料流重设到起点。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void endpwent(void);
关闭password档案资料流。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * getpwent(void);
读取一个使用者资讯进来,有必要的话,则将进行开档动作。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * fgetpwent(FILE * stream);
从档案中读取一个使用者资讯进来。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int putpwent(struct passwd *p,FILE *f);
将一个使用者资讯写入档案中。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct passwd * pwdalloc(void);
配置一个记忆体区块给passwd用。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME
getrlimit, setrlimit, prlimit - get/set resource limits
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlim);
int setrlimit(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);
int prlimit(pid_t pid, int resource, const struct rlimit *new_limit,
struct rlimit *old_limit);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
prlimit(): _GNU_SOURCE && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64
DESCRIPTION
The getrlimit() and setrlimit() system calls get and set resource limits respectively. Each resource has an associated soft and hard limit, as
defined by the rlimit structure:
typedef int rlim_t;
struct rlimit {
rlim_t rlim_cur; /* Soft limit */ /
rlim_t rlim_max; /* Hard limit (ceiling for rlim_cur) */
};
The soft limit is the value that the kernel enforces for the corresponding resource. The hard limit acts as a ceiling for the soft limit: an
unprivileged process may set only its soft limit to a value in the range from 0 up to the hard limit, and (irreversibly) lower its hard limit. A
privileged process (under Linux: one with the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability) may make arbitrary changes to either limit value.
The value RLIM_INFINITY denotes no limit on a resource (both in the structure returned by getrlimit() and in the structure passed to setrlimit()).