实验8:静态路由<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

1. 实验目的

通过本实验,读者可以掌握如下技能:

1) 路由表的概念

2 ip route 命令的使用

3) 根据需求正确配置静态路由

2. 实验拓扑

3-3 实验8、实验9 拓扑图

 
3. 实验步骤

我们要使得1.1.1.0/242.2.2.0/243.3.3.0/24 网络之间能够互相通信。

1) 步骤1:在各路由器上配置IP 地址、保证直连链路的连通性

R1(config)#int loopback0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#int s0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config)#int loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#clock rate 128000

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config)#int s0/0/1

R2(config-if)#clock rate 128000

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config)#int loopback0

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config)#int s0/0/1

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

2) 步骤2R1 上配置静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0

//下一跳为接口形式,s0/0/0 是点对点的链路,注意应该是R1 上的s0/0/0 接口

R1(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

//下一跳为IP 地址形式,192.168.12.2 R2 上的IP 地址

3) 步骤3R2 上配置静态路由

R2(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0

R2(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1

4) 步骤4R3 上配置静态路由

R3(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1

R3(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/1

4. 实验调试

1) 在R1R2R3 上查看路由表

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 3.3.3.0 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2

R2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

R3#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

2) 从各路由器的环回口ping 其他路由器的环回口:

R1#ping

//不带任何参数的ping 命令,允许我们输入更多的参数

Protocol [ip]:

Target IP address: 2.2.2.2 //目标IP 地址

Repeat count [5]: //发送的ping 次数

Datagram size [100]: //ping 包的大小

Timeout in seconds [2]: //超时时间

Extended commands [n]: y //是否进一步扩展命令

Source address or interface: 1.1.1.1 //IP 地址

Type of service [0]:

Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:

Validate reply data? [no]:

Data pattern [0xABCD]:

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:

Sweep range of sizes [n]:

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms

//以上说明从R1 loopback0 可以ping R2 上的loopback0。也可以直接使用命令:

R1#ping 2.2.2.2 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms

R2#ping 1.1.1.1 source loopback 0

R2#ping 3.3.3.3 source loopback 0

//R2 loopback0 应该可以ping R1 R3 lopback0 接口。

R3#ping 1.1.1.1 source loopback 0

R3#ping 2.2.2.2 source loopback 0

//R3 loopback0 也应该可以ping R1 R2 lopback0 接口。

【提示】虽然从R1 loopback0 可以ping R3 loopback0,数据需要经过

192.168.23.0/24 网络,但是在R1 上我们并没有添加192.168.23.0/24 的路由。路由器转

发数据包完成是根据路由表的,并且数据是一跳一跳地被转发的,就像接力赛似的。从R1

loopback0 ping R3 loopback0 口时,IP 数据包的源IP 1.1.1.1,目的IP 3.3.3.3

R1 路由器首先查路由表,数据包被发到了R2R2 路由器也查路由表(3.3.3.0/24 路由),

数据包被发到了R3R3 知道这是直连路由。R3 响应R1 的数据包进行类似的过程。

3) 从R1 ping 2.2.2.2、从R1 ping 3.3.3.3

R1#ping 2.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/14/16 ms

//可以ping 通。

R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

//以上无法ping 通,原因在于使用ping 命令时,如果不指明源接口,则R1 路由器使用s0/0/0

接口的IP 地址(192.168.12.1)作为IP 数据包的源IP 地址了。R3 上响应R1 的数据包时,

数据包是发向192.168.12.1 的,然而由于R3 没有192.168.12.0/24 的路由,数据包无法发

送。即:数据包从R1 到了R3 后,无法返回R1