有的时候我们要从数据库里把数据组织成树结构再展现到页面上
像下面这样
今天我们用Group 和Grouping实现它,并总结一下它俩。
先看一下概念,再用代码一点一点去理解它们,最后我会给出完整的代码
Group By : 语句用于结合合计函数,根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。
Grouping :指示是否聚合 GROUP BY 列表中的指定列表达式。 在结果集中,如果 GROUPING 返回 1 则指示聚合;
返回 0 则指示不聚合。 如果指定了 GROUP BY,则 GROUPING 只能用在 SELECT <select> 列表、HAVING 和 ORDER BY 子句中。
ROLLUP :生成简单的 GROUP BY 聚合行以及小计行或超聚合行,还生成一个总计行。
让我们先建一个数据库,并添加一些数据
use master go if exists( select 1 from sysdatabases where name = 'MyGroupDB' )
ALTER DATABASE MyGroupDB SET SINGLE_USER with ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
drop database MyGroupDB
go create database MyGroupDB
go use MyGroupDB go create Table Category
( Category_ID int identity(1,1),
Category_Name varchar (100)
) go create Table Product
( Product_ID int identity(1,1),
CategoryID int ,
Product_Name varchar (100)
) go insert into Category values ( '手机' )
insert into Category values ( '台式机' )
insert into Category values ( '数码相机' )
go insert into Product values (1, '诺基亚' )
insert into Product values (1, '三星' )
insert into Product values (1, '苹果' )
insert into Product values (2, 'HP' )
insert into Product values (2, 'IBM' )
insert into Product values (2, 'Dell' )
insert into Product values (3, '佳能' )
insert into Product values (3, '尼康' )
insert into Product values (3, '索尼' )
go |
看一下它们的数据
select *
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
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我们把它们用Group By分一下组
select Category_ID , Category_Name, CategoryID, Product_Name from Category left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name
我们看到这样和没有分组时展现的数据是一样的,让我们加上 ROLLUP 加上合计行
select Category_ID ,
Category_Name,
CategoryID,
Product_Name
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name with rollup
|
我们看到了好多NULL数据,而且很有规律
这些规律我们可以用Grouping 看到
select Category_ID ,
GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP,
Category_Name,
GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP,
CategoryID,
GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP,
Product_Name,
GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
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你会发现那些Null值就是Grouping 为1的时候
最后一行的合计是Categrory_ID的,我们不需要,CategoryID的合计我们也不需要我们要怎么去掉它们呢,在having 里
select Category_ID ,
GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP,
CategoryID,
GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP,
Category_Name,
GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP,
Product_Name,
GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0
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这样的结果 我们看到只有Product_Name的Grouping有为1 了
我们就是用它去实现这棵树
select case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 1 then Category_Name else '' end as Category_Name,
case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 0 then Product_Name else '' end as Product_Name
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0
order by Category_ID ,Product_Name
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下面是完整的代码
use master go if exists( select 1 from sysdatabases where name = 'MyGroupDB' )
ALTER DATABASE MyGroupDB SET SINGLE_USER with ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
drop database MyGroupDB
go create database MyGroupDB
go use MyGroupDB go create Table Category
( Category_ID int identity(1,1),
Category_Name varchar (100)
) go create Table Product
( Product_ID int identity(1,1),
CategoryID int ,
Product_Name varchar (100)
) go insert into Category values ( '手机' )
insert into Category values ( '台式机' )
insert into Category values ( '数码相机' )
go insert into Product values (1, '诺基亚' )
insert into Product values (1, '三星' )
insert into Product values (1, '苹果' )
insert into Product values (2, 'HP' )
insert into Product values (2, 'IBM' )
insert into Product values (2, 'Dell' )
insert into Product values (3, '佳能' )
insert into Product values (3, '尼康' )
insert into Product values (3, '索尼' )
go select *
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
-------------------------------------------------------- select Category_ID ,
Category_Name,
CategoryID,
Product_Name
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,CategoryID,Category_Name,Product_Name with rollup
-------------------------------------------------------- select Category_ID ,
GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP,
Category_Name,
GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP,
CategoryID,
GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP,
Product_Name,
GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
---------------------- select Category_ID ,
GROUPING (Category_ID) as Category_IDGP,
CategoryID,
GROUPING (CategoryID) as CategoryIDGP,
Category_Name,
GROUPING (Category_Name) as Category_NameGP,
Product_Name,
GROUPING (Product_Name) as Product_NameGP
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0
------------------------- select case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 1 then Category_Name else '' end as Category_Name,
case GROUPING (Product_Name) when 0 then Product_Name else '' end as Product_Name
from Category
left join Product on Category_ID = CategoryID
group by Category_ID ,Category_Name,CategoryID,Product_Name with rollup
having GROUPING (Category_ID)=0 and GROUPING (CategoryID)=0
order by Category_ID ,Product_Name
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本文转自lpxxn博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/li-peng/p/3298303.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者