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#include<iostream> using std::cout;
using std::endl;
template < typename T>
void swap(T&a, T&b){
a = a ^ b;
b = a ^ b;
a = a ^ b;
} int main(){
short s = 50;
//error: invalid initialization of reference of type ‘int&’ from expression of type ‘short int’
//无效的初始化:用'short int'类型的表达式来初始化'int&'类型的引用。
//原因:用左值来初始化引用时,类型必须一致,不允许隐式转换。
//int &ri1 = s;
//invalid initialization of non-const reference of type ‘int&’ from an rvalue of type ‘int’
//无效的初始化:用'int'类型的右值来初始化'int &'类型的non-const引用。
//原因:用右值来初始化引用时,会产生一个同类型的匿名临时变量,对表达式的值进行隐式转换,再对这个临时变量赋值。
//int &ri2 = 50;
//如果允许对这个临时变量定义一个non-const类型的引用,那么后续代码对这个引用的写操作毫无意义。例如:
//int &i = 3;
//int& j = 4;
//swap<int>(i,j);
//将无法对i,j进行交换。
//有效的初始化:用'int'类型的右值来初始化'int &'类型的const引用。
const int &ri3 = 60;
} |
下面的代码显示,用右值初始化一个引用时,生成了一个匿名临时变量:
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#include<iostream> using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class TestType{
int m_data;
public :
TestType() : m_data(0) {
cout << __FUNCTION__ << "(), this = " << this ;
cout << ", m_data = (" << &m_data << ", " << m_data << ")\n" ;
}
//TestType(int val) : m_data(val) {
// cout << __FUNCTION__ << "(int val), this = " << this;
// cout << ", m_data = (" << &m_data << ", " << m_data << ")";
// cout << ", val = (" << &val << ", " << val << ").\n";
//}
TestType( const int &rv) : m_data(rv) {
cout << __FUNCTION__ << "(int &rv), this = " << this ;
cout << ", m_data = (" << &m_data << ", " << m_data << ")" ;
cout << ", rv = (" << &rv << ", " << rv << ").\n" ;
}
}; int main(){
cout << "sizeof(TestType) = " << sizeof (TestType) << endl;
TestType dat1;
TestType dat2(100);
int i = 200;
cout << "i = (" << &i << ", " << i << ")\n" ;
TestType dat3(i);
return 0;
} |
运行结果:
sizeof(TestType) = 4
TestType(), this = 0x7fffc5b81cd0, m_data = (0x7fffc5b81cd0, 0)
TestType(int &rv), this = 0x7fffc5b81ce0, m_data = (0x7fffc5b81ce0, 100), rv = (0x7fffc5b81cfc, 100).
i = (0x7fffc5b81cfc, 200)
TestType(int &rv), this = 0x7fffc5b81cf0, m_data = (0x7fffc5b81cf0, 200), rv = (0x7fffc5b81cfc, 200).
本文转自FrankNie0101 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/frankniefaquan/1934509,如需转载请自行联系原作者