Security Enhancements

Android不断改进其安全性能力并提供新的安全特性。本文列出了各版本中引入的安全性增强功能。

Security Enhancements

Android continuously improves its security abilities and offerings. See the lists of enhancements by release in the left navigation.

第一部分:Introduction Since the inception of WiFi in 1997, it has been widely successful as a de facto wireless technology. Today we have billions of WiFi devices around the world. It has reached everywhere from industries to business houses to typical households. It is a gateway to access the internet. Although accessing the internet is cardinal these days, the security of these devices is also critical. Over the years, WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) has improved its security features. The latest IEEE 802.11ax (WiFi 6) is an improvement over its predecessor, IEEE 802.11ac (WiFi 5), in the context of security. Introducing Wireless Protected Access 3 (WPA3) in WiFi 6 has eliminated many previously known attacks in WPA2 accessible devices. WPA3 mandates using a dragonfly handshake based on Simultaneous Authentication Equals (SAE). It also provides encryption to open wireless Access Points (AP), which is advantageous with respect to security. WiFi 6 came with security enhancements and a few security vulnerabilities. It has been found that WPA3 is vulnerable to attacks categorized as denial-of-service, side-channel, and downgrade attacks. WiFi devices need to be backward com patible to serve users utilizing previous generation stations. To do this, WiFi 6 has to downgrade itself for the user stations compatible with WPA2. The downgrading has compromised the security of WPA3 with WPA2 attacks. Some of the most popular penetration testing tools like Metasploit, Aircrack ng, and MDK3 are being widely used to test attacks against wireless devices. All these tools are publicly available and have been used by network researchers. Since IEEE 802.11ax devices are not widely available to consumers, security re search on these devices is still under exploration. To mitigate this, datasets are used to study the vulnera bilities in the WiFi protocols. AWID3 is one such dataset [1] which has been used in multiple kinds of research on Intrusion Detection in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), including deterministic as well as ML-based approaches [2] [5]. AWID3 dataset is a collection of PCAP and CSV files of various intrusions into a WLAN test-bed. However, this dataset is limited to WPA2 security protocol only. Developing a detection mechanism for attacks on wireless devices is the paper’s primary focus. Since there is no WPA3 dataset publicly available, we created our dataset by performing attacks on our WLAN test-bed. Our code is available on GitHub [6]. This research focuses on the shortcomings of WPA3 and suggests a few techniques for intrusion detection. We propose a Real-time Intrusion Detection System (RIDS) for enterprises with WLAN to detect an intrusion into their network in real time. The primary contributions of the paper are: 1) A two-stage architecture for real-time intrusion detec tion for an enterprise scenario. The stages comprise an Intrusion Alert System to raise an alert if an intrusion is detected and an ML-based classifier to predict the attack type and raise a network-wide alarm. 2) Created a new dataset for attacks on WPA3-enabled de vices and made it publicly available for further research. 3) A lightweight ML-based classifier for attack detection with high accuracy in real-time. We propose a Random Forest Classifier trained on our dataset for predicting attacks.
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(1)普通用户端(全平台) 音乐播放核心体验: 个性化首页:基于 “听歌历史 + 收藏偏好” 展示 “推荐歌单(每日 30 首)、新歌速递、相似曲风推荐”,支持按 “场景(通勤 / 学习 / 运动)” 切换推荐维度。 播放页功能:支持 “无损音质切换、倍速播放(0.5x-2.0x)、定时关闭、歌词逐句滚动”,提供 “沉浸式全屏模式”(隐藏冗余控件,突出歌词与专辑封面)。 多端同步:自动同步 “播放进度、收藏列表、歌单” 至所有登录设备(如手机暂停后,电脑端打开可继续播放)。 音乐发现与管理: 智能搜索:支持 “歌曲名 / 歌手 / 歌词片段” 搜索,提供 “模糊匹配(如输入‘晴天’联想‘周杰伦 - 晴天’)、热门搜索词推荐”,结果按 “热度 / 匹配度” 排序。 歌单管理:创建 “公开 / 私有 / 加密” 歌单,支持 “批量添加歌曲、拖拽排序、一键分享到社交平台”,系统自动生成 “歌单封面(基于歌曲风格配色)”。 音乐分类浏览:按 “曲风(流行 / 摇滚 / 古典)、语言(国语 / 英语 / 日语)、年代(80 后经典 / 2023 新歌)” 分层浏览,每个分类页展示 “TOP50 榜单”。 社交互动功能: 动态广场:查看 “关注的用户 / 音乐人发布的动态(如‘分享新歌感受’)、好友正在听的歌曲”,支持 “点赞 / 评论 / 转发”,可直接点击动态中的歌曲播放。 听歌排行:个人页展示 “本周听歌 TOP10、累计听歌时长”,平台定期生成 “全球 / 好友榜”(如 “好友中你本周听歌时长排名第 3”)。 音乐圈:加入 “特定曲风圈子(如‘古典音乐爱好者’)”,参与 “话题讨论(如‘你心中最经典的钢琴曲’)、线上歌单共创”。 (2)音乐人端(创作者中心) 作品管理: 音乐上传:支持 “无损音频(FLAC/WAV)+ 歌词文件(LRC)+ 专辑封面” 上传,填写 “歌曲信息
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