ValueAnimation 原理分析-优快云博客

本文解析了动画回调机制，详细介绍了如何实现每隔1/60秒回调一次onAnimationUpdate方法，解释了animatedValue的计算原理，并展示了从Choreographer到ValueAnimator的调用流程。

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基本用法：

设置keyFrameValues、duration、updateListener 启动动画后，AnimatorUpdateListener#onAnimationUpdate()方法每隔 1/60s 都会被回调一次，可以从animation中拿到当前帧对应的数据。

    private fun startAnimator() {
        val animator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f, 1f)
        animator.duration = 1000
        animator.repeatCount = 10
        animator.repeatMode = ValueAnimator.REVERSE
        animator.interpolator = object : TimeInterpolator {
            override fun getInterpolation(input: Float): Float {
                return (Math.cos((input + 1) * Math.PI) / 2.0f).toFloat() + 0.5f //AccelerateDecelerate
            }
        }
        animator.addUpdateListener(object : ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener {
            override fun onAnimationUpdate(animation: ValueAnimator) {
                println(animation.animatedValue)
            }
        })
        animator.start()
    }
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疑问

每隔1/60s回调一次onAnimationUpdate是如何实现的？
animatedValue是如何计算出来的？

onAnimationUpdate 调用的逻辑

（上面的调用链有点长，不要慌，先看大概涉及了哪些类，后面再详细分析具体的方法。）从上图可以看到，onAnimationUpdate的调用链从Choreographer中的FrameDisplayEventReceiver开始、经由AnimationHandler、一直传到ValueAnimator。

我们先来看下AnimationHandler。

/**
 * This custom, static handler handles the timing pulse that is shared by all active
 * ValueAnimators. This approach ensures that the setting of animation values will happen on the
 * same thread that animations start on, and that all animations will share the same times for
 * calculating their values, which makes synchronizing animations possible.
 *
 * The handler uses the Choreographer by default for doing periodic callbacks. A custom
 * AnimationFrameCallbackProvider can be set on the handler to provide timing pulse that
 * may be independent of UI frame update. This could be useful in testing.
 *
 * @hide
 */
public class AnimationHandler{
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AnimationHandler 是一个全局单例，被所有ValueAnimators共享，以便实现动画同步，默认使用Choreographer完成周期性回调。 AnimationHandler 与 ValueAnimator（implements AnimationHandler.AnimationFrameCallback）的交互主要有以下几点：

addAnimationCallback：动画开始时，ValueAnimator 将自己作为AnimationFrameCallback注册到AnimationHandler中。
removeAnimationCallback：动画结束时，ValueAnimator 移除自己在AnimationHandler中的注册。
ValueAnimator实现的回调被传到AnimationHandler中了，经过一系列调用传递，最终走到了Choreographa中的FrameDisplayEventReceiver#onVsync()

我们再来看看FrameDisplayEventReceiver的代码。

FrameDisplayEventReceiver 继承自抽象类 DisplayEventReceiver，FrameDisplayEventReceiver有以下几个关键方法：

scheduleVsync(): Schedules a single vertical sync pulse. 用白话说就是，下次v-sync的时候通知我（回调onVsync）。
onVsync(): Called when a vertical sync pulse is received.

/**
 * Provides a low-level mechanism for an application to receive display events
 * such as vertical sync.
 * ...
 */
public abstract class DisplayEventReceiver {
    public DisplayEventReceiver(Looper looper, int vsyncSource) {
        // ...
        mReceiverPtr = nativeInit(new WeakReference<DisplayEventReceiver>(this), mMessageQueue,
                vsyncSource);
        //...
    }
    
    public void scheduleVsync() {
        // ...
        nativeScheduleVsync(mReceiverPtr);
    }
    
    // Called from native code.
    private void dispatchVsync(long timestampNanos, int builtInDisplayId, int frame) {
        onVsync(timestampNanos, builtInDisplayId, frame);
    }
    
    /**
     * Called when a vertical sync pulse is received.
     * The recipient should render a frame and then call {@link #scheduleVsync}
     * to schedule the next vertical sync pulse.
    public void onVsync(long timestampNanos, int builtInDisplayId, int frame) {
    }
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FrameDisplayEventReceiver的源码

    private final class FrameDisplayEventReceiver extends DisplayEventReceiver
            implements Runnable {
        // ...
        @Override
        public void onVsync(long timestampNanos, int builtInDisplayId, int frame) {
            // ...
            Message msg = Message.obtain(mHandler, this);
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
            mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, timestampNanos / TimeUtils.NANOS_PER_MS);
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            mHavePendingVsync = false;
            doFrame(mTimestampNanos, mFrame);
        }
    }
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    void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos, int frame) {
        final long startNanos;
        synchronized (mLock) {
           // ...

        if (frameTimeNanos < mLastFrameTimeNanos) {
            //...
            scheduleVsyncLocked();
            return;
        }
    }
    
    private void scheduleVsyncLocked() {
        mDisplayEventReceiver.scheduleVsync();
    }
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结合前面的DisplayEventReceiver的源码分析我们知道scheduleVsync最后会触发onVsync，所以完整的流程是：

onVsync() -> mHandler.sendMessageAtTime() -> run() -> doFrame() -> scheduleVsyncLocked -> mDisplayEventReceiver.scheduleVsync() -> onVsync()

简化一下就是:

onVsync() -> doFrame() -> onVsync()

通过上面的循环，onVsync()每隔1/60s会回调一次，方法调用层层传递，最后就传递到了我们重写的AnimatorUpdateListener#onAnimationUpdate()中。由于doFrame()中会对时间做判断，动画结束后不会调scheduleVsync()，所以循环在动画结束就停止了。

总结
综上，动画帧回调的传递过程如下。

`animatedValue`的计算逻辑

这是我们在动画执行过程中每一帧计算值的方法

注：调用链是doAnimationFrame() -> animateBasedOnTime() -> aniateValue()

    void animateValue(float fraction) {
        fraction = mInterpolator.getInterpolation(fraction);
        mCurrentFraction = fraction;
        int numValues = mValues.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < numValues; ++i) {
            mValues[i].calculateValue(fraction); // 计算动画value
        }
        if (mUpdateListeners != null) {
            int numListeners = mUpdateListeners.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                mUpdateListeners.get(i).onAnimationUpdate(this);
            }
        }
    }
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可以看到在计算的时候，先用mInterpolator对fraction进行处理。默认是AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator

public float getInterpolation(float input) {
        return (float)(Math.cos((input + 1) * Math.PI) / 2.0f) + 0.5f;
    }
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经过三角函数变换，输入fraction的输出结果不再是线性，而是先加速再减速的效果(导数为0.5PI*sin(PI*(x+1))）。

PropertyValuesHolder#calculateValue

    void calculateValue(float fraction) {
        Object value = mKeyframes.getValue(fraction);
        mAnimatedValue = mConverter == null ? value : mConverter.convert(value);
    }
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