vim 常用命令

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

基础

:e filename	打开编辑文件
:w	保存
:q	退出
:q!	不保存退出
:x	保存并退出
:sav filename	另存为
.	重复在正常模式下的最后一次更改
5.	重复正常模式下的5次前的修改？Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

在文件中移动

k or Up Arrow	向上移动光标一行
j or Down Arrow	光标向下移动一行
e	将光标移动到单词的末尾
b	将光标移动到单词的起始
0	将光标移动到行的开始时
G	将光标移动到该行的末
gg	将光标移动到该文件的开始时
L	跳转光标移动到文件的末尾
:59	移动光标到行59
20|	移动光标到列20
%	将光标移到括号匹配
[[	跳转到方法开始
[{	跳转到块结束

剪切、复制和粘贴

y	复制选中的文本到剪贴板
p	粘贴剪贴板内容
dd	剪切当前行
yy	复制当前行
y$	复制到行尾
D	剪切到行尾

 

ggVG 全选

一、多行
dd
删除一行
ndd 
删除以当前行开始的n行
dw
删除以当前字符开始的一个字符
ndw
删除以当前字符开始的n个字符
d$、D
删除以当前字符开始的一行字符
d)
删除到下一句的开始
d}
删除到下一段的开始
d回车
删除2行


二、复制多行
任务：将第9行至第15行的数据，复制到第16行
方法1：（强烈推荐）
：9，15 copy 16  或 ：9，15 co 16
由此可有：
：9，15 move 16  或 :9,15 m 16 将第9行到第15行的文本内容到第16行的后面  

方法2：
光标移动到结束行，ma
光标移动到起始行,输入y'a
光标移动到需要复制的行，输入p,行前复制则输入大写P

方法3：
把光标移到第9行 shift + v
再把光标移动到第15行  ctrl + c
再把光标死去到第16行  p MySQL 

方法4：
光标移动到起始行，输入ma
光标移动到结束行，输入mb
光标移动到粘贴行，输入mc
然后输入:'a,'b, co 'c   把co换成m就是剪切
若要删除多行，则输入：'a,'b de

vi设置自动缩进：set smartindent
vi设置显示行号：set number 或 set nu

搜索

/word	搜索词从上到下
?word	搜索词从下到上
*	搜索光标下的单词
/\cstring	搜索字符串，不区分大小写
/jo[ha]n	Search john or joan
/\< the	Search the, theatre or then
/the\>	Search the or breathe
/\< the\>	Search the
/\< ¦.\>	Search all words of 4 letters
/\/	Search fred but not alfred or frederick
/fred\|joe	Search fred or joe
/\<\d\d\d\d\>	Search exactly 4 digits
/^\n\{3}	Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/	Search in all open files
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g	Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

替换

:%s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences of old by new in file
:%s/onward/forward/gi	Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/old/new/gc	Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g	Replace the begining of each line by hello
:%s/$/Harry/g	Replace the end of each line by Harry
:%s/onward/forward/gi	Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g	Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d	Delete all lines containing string
:v/string/d	Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string
:s/Bill/Steve/	Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g	Replace Bill by Steve in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g	Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
:%s/^M//g	Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s/\r/\r/g	Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g	Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/	Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a	Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x	Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg?	Change text to Rot13

大小写

Vu	Lowercase line
VU	Uppercase line
g~~	Invert case
vEU	Switch word to uppercase
vE~	Modify word case
ggguG	Set all text to lowercase
gggUG	Set all text to uppercase
:set ignorecase	Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase	Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s/\<./\u&/g	Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
:%s/\<./\l&/g	Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
:%s/.*/\u&	Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
:%s/.*/\l&	Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

读写文件

:1,10 w outfile	Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile
:1,10 w >> outfile	Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
:r infile	Insert the content of infile
:23r infile	Insert the content of infile under line 23

文件浏览器

:e .	Open integrated file explorer
:Sex	Split window and open integrated file explorer
:Sex!	Same as :Sex but split window vertically
:browse e	Graphical file explorer
:ls	List buffers
:cd ..	Move to parent directory
:args	List files
:args *.php	Open file list
:grep expression *.php	Returns a list of .php files contening expression
gf	Open file name under cursor

和 Unix 系统交互

:!pwd	Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd	Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
:sh	Temporary returns to Unix
$exit	Retourns to Vi

对齐

:%!fmt	Align all lines
!}fmt	Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt	Align the next 5 lines

Tabs/Windows

:tabnew	Creates a new tab
gt	Show next tab
:tabfirst	Show first tab
:tablast	Show last tab
:tabm n(position)	Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g	Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball	Puts all open files in tabs
:new abc.txt	Edit abc.txt in new window

分屏显示

:e filename	Edit filename in current window
:split filename	Split the window and open filename
ctrl-w up arrow	Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w	Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_	Maximize current window vertically
ctrl-w|	Maximize current window horizontally
ctrl-w=	Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+	Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file	Split window vertically
:sview file	Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide	Close current window
:­nly	Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2	Open #2 in this window

自动完成

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)	Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l	Complete line
:set dictionary=dict	Define dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k	Complete with dictionnary

Marks

m {a-z}	Marks current position as {a-z}
' {a-z}	Move to position {a-z}
''	Move to previous position

缩写

:ab mail mail@provider.org

Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

文本缩进

:set autoindent	Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent	Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4	Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d	Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>>	Indent
<<	Un-indent
=%	Indent the code between parenthesis
1GVG=	Indent the whole file

语法高亮

:syntax on	Turn on syntax highlighting
:syntax off	Turn off syntax highlighting
:set syntax=perl	Force syntax highlighting

 

via catswhocode

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/cgjcgs/blog/366111