微信服务号开发之创建自定义菜单

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

一、思路

1. 获取全局ACCESS_TOKEN
   创建微信自定义菜单的接口为：
   https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
   故需要先取得获取全局ACCESS_TOKEN
2. 创建自定义菜单
   关于自定义菜单的相关介绍请参考微信服务号开发官方文档：
   https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421141013
3. 向微信接口发送创建自定义菜单的请求

二、具体代码

1. 开发过程中用到的微信接口类 Constant

   public class Constant {
   	// 微信服务号开发 账号
   	public static final String appid = PropertyUtil.getProperty("appId");
   	
   	// 微信服务号开发 密码
   	public static final String secret = PropertyUtil.getProperty("appSecret");
   	
   	// 微信创建菜单接口
   	public static final String createMenu = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
   
   	// 微信基础支持access_token接口,也称为全局access_token接口
   	public static final String access_token = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
   	
   }

    其中 PropertyUtil.getProperty 方法如下

   import java.util.Properties;
   
   import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
   import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
   /**
    * 获取配置文件信息
    * @author liguiji
    *
    */
   public class PropertyUtil {
   	
   	private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(PropertyUtil.class);
   	private static final Properties props = new Properties();
   
   	static {
   		init();
   	}
   
   	public static Properties getProperties() {
   		return props;
   	}
   
   	private static void init() {
   
   		String mpConfig = "/mp.properties";
   
   		ClassPathResource cr = null;
   		try {
   			cr = new ClassPathResource(mpConfig);
   			props.load(cr.getInputStream());
   			LOG.info("装入default主配置文件:" + mpConfig);
   		} catch (Exception e) {
   			LOG.info("装入default主配置文件" + mpConfig + "失败!", e);
   		}
   		
   		LOG.info("系统配置属性装载完毕");
           LOG.info("******************属性列表***************************");
           for(String propertyName : props.stringPropertyNames()){
               LOG.info("  "+propertyName+" = "+props.getProperty(propertyName));
           }
           LOG.info("***********************************************************");
   	}
   
   	public static String getProperty(String name) {
   		String value = props.getProperty(name);
   
   		return value;
   	}
   
   	public static void setProperty(String name, String value) {
   		props.setProperty(name, value);
   	}
   }

    

2. 获取全局access_token

   public static AccessToken getAccessToken() {
   	AccessToken accessToken = null;
   
   	// 将接口中的APPID和APPSECRET替换为自己的appid和secret
   	String requestUrl = Constant.access_token.replace("APPID",
   			Constant.appid).replace("APPSECRET", Constant.secret);
   		
   	// 想微信发送获取AccessToken的请求
   	JSONObject jsonObject = HTTPSUtil.httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
   		
   	// 如果请求成功
   	if (null != jsonObject) {
   		try {
   			accessToken = new AccessToken();
   			accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
   			accessToken.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));
   		} catch (JSONException e) {
   			accessToken = null;
   			// 获取token失败
   			System.out.println("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}"
   					+ jsonObject.getInt("errcode")
   					+ jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
   		}
   	}
   	return accessToken;
   }

   其中 AccessToken 类如下

   public class AccessToken {
   	private String token;  //token
   	private int expiresIn; //凭证有效时间 ，单位秒
   	
   	public String getToken() {
   		return token;
   	}
   	public void setToken(String token) {
   		this.token = token;
   	}
   	public int getExpiresIn() {
   		return expiresIn;
   	}
   	public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
   		this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
   	}
   	
   }

   httpRequest方法如下

   public class HTTPSUtil {
   	private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPSUtil.class);
   	/** 
        * 发起https请求并获取结果 
        *  
        * @param requestUrl 请求地址 
        * @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST） 
        * @param outputStr 提交的数据 
        * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值) 
        */  
   	public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {  
           JSONObject jsonObject = null;  
           StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
           try {  
               // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化  
               TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };  
               SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  
               sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());  
               // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象  
               SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();  
     
               URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
               HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
               httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  
     
               httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
               httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
               httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
               // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
               httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  
     
               if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) 
                   httpUrlConn.connect();  
     
               // 当有数据需要提交时  
               if (null != outputStr) {  
                   OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                   // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                   outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                   outputStream.close();  
               }  
     
               // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
               InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
               InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
               BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
     
               String str = null;  
               while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                   buffer.append(str);  
               }  
               bufferedReader.close();  
               inputStreamReader.close();  
               // 释放资源  
               inputStream.close();  
               inputStream = null;  
               httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
               jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());  
           } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
               log.error("Weixin server connection timed out.");  
           } catch (Exception e) {  
               log.error("https request error:{}", e);  
           }  
           return jsonObject;  
       }
   }

    

3.  创建菜单类
   菜单基类  ButtonBase

   public class ButtonBase {
   	
   	// 菜单名称
   	private String name;
   
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   }

   二级菜单 CommonButton

   public class CommonButton extends ButtonBase {
   	
   	// 菜单名称
   	private String name;
   	
   	// 菜单类型
   	private String type;
   	
   	// 菜单key值
   	private String key;
   	
   	// 菜单url
   	private String url;
   	
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   	public String getType() {
   		return type;
   	}
   	public void setType(String type) {
   		this.type = type;
   	}
   	public String getKey() {
   		return key;
   	}
   	public void setKey(String key) {
   		this.key = key;
   	}
   	public String getUrl() {
   		return url;
   	}
   	public void setUrl(String url) {
   		this.url = url;
   	}
   }

   一级菜单 ComplexButton

   public class ComplexButton extends ButtonBase{
   	
   	// 菜单名称
   	private String name;
   	
   	// 二级菜单数组
   	private ButtonBase[] sub_button;
   	
   	// 菜单key值
   	private String key;
   	
   	// 菜单类型
   	private String type;
   	
   	// 菜单url
   	private String url;
   	
   	public String getName() {
   		return name;
   	}
   	public void setName(String name) {
   		this.name = name;
   	}
   	public ButtonBase[] getSub_button() {
   		return sub_button;
   	}
   	public void setSub_button(ButtonBase[] sub_button) {
   		this.sub_button = sub_button;
   	}
   	public String getKey() {
   		return key;
   	}
   	public void setKey(String key) {
   		this.key = key;
   	}
   	public String getType() {
   		return type;
   	}
   	public void setType(String type) {
   		this.type = type;
   	}
   	public String getUrl() {
   		return url;
   	}
   	public void setUrl(String url) {
   		this.url = url;
   	}
   }

   菜单类 Menu

   public class Menu {
   	
   	// 一级菜单数组
   	private ComplexButton[] button;
   
   	public ComplexButton[] getButton() {
   		return button;
   	}
   
   	public void setButton(ComplexButton[] button) {
   		this.button = button;
   	}
   }

    

三、因为基础支持ACCESS_TOKEN每天只能请求2000次，每个ACCESS_TOKEN的失效是2小时，当ACCESS_TOKEN的请求次数超过2000次后，会使得服务号无法正常运行，所以最好每隔1到2小时请求一次，期间所有需要ACCESS_TOKEN均使用该ACCESS_TOKEN，而不是请求新的ACCESS_TOKEN。此处我是将ACCESS_TOKEN存在数据库中，每隔1小时重新请求一次，网上有中控服务器的方法，可自行研究。代码如下，定时任务使用的是spring的task定时任务调度。

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;

import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import *.Constant;  // 此处路径涉及到公司隐私，故用*代替
import *.AccessToken;
import *.ServiceAccountService;

/**
 * 每隔1个小时更新一次access_token，并保存在数据库中
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 * 
 */
public class GetAccessToken {

    // spring service 类，用来跟数据库交互
	private static ServiceAccountService serviceAccountService;
	
	public static void setServiceAccountService(
			ServiceAccountService serviceAccountService) {
		GetAccessToken.serviceAccountService = serviceAccountService;
	}

	/**
	 * 从微信接口获取accessToken
	 * @return
	 */
	public static AccessToken getAccessToken() {
		AccessToken accessToken = null;

		// 将接口中的APPID和APPSECRET替换为自己的appid和secret
		String requestUrl = Constant.access_token.replace("APPID",
				Constant.appid).replace("APPSECRET", Constant.secret);
		
		// 想微信发送获取AccessToken的请求
		JSONObject jsonObject = HTTPSUtil.httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
		
		// 如果请求成功
		if (null != jsonObject) {
			try {
				accessToken = new AccessToken();
				accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
				accessToken.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));
			} catch (JSONException e) {
				accessToken = null;
				// 获取token失败
				System.out.println("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}"
						+ jsonObject.getInt("errcode")
						+ jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
			}
		}
		return accessToken;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 从本地数据库获取accessToken
	 * @return
	 */
	public static AccessToken getAccessTokenFromLocal(){
		return serviceAccountService.getAccessTokenFromLocal();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 每隔1小时50分钟更新一次
	 */
	@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 */1 * * ?")
	public static void updateAccessToken(){
		AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
		if(serviceAccountService.updateAccessToken(accessToken)>0){
			System.out.println("更新accessToken成功");
		}else{
			System.out.println("更新accessToken失败");
		}
	}
}

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/worriedfox/blog/1615676