今天编了个程序,把C语言的声明翻译成普通的语言,就能让大家明白C语言声明的含义。虽然这个程序有无数个版本,也被编写过无数次,通常这样的一个程序取名为“cdecl”。
主要的数据结构是一个堆栈,虽然用的不熟,但是还是勉强能完成基本功能。我们从左往右读取,把各个标记依次压入堆栈,知道读到标识符为止。然后我们继续向右读取一个标记,也就是标识符右边的那个标记。接着,观察标识符左边的那个标记(需要从堆栈中弹出)。
源程序代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXTOKENS 100
#define MAXTOKENLEN 64
enum type_tag { IDENTIFIER, QUALIFIER, TYPE };
struct token{
char type;
char string[MAXTOKENLEN];
};
int top = -1;
struct token stack[MAXTOKENS];
struct token that;
#define pop stack[top--]
#define push(s) stack[++top] = s
enum
type_tag classify_string(void){
/*
**推断标识符类型
*/
char *s = that.string;
if(!strcmp(s, "const")){
strcpy(s, "read-only");
return QUALIFIER;
}
if(!strcmp(s, "volatile"))
return QUALIFIER;
if(!strcmp(s, "void"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "char"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "signed"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "unsigned"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "unsigned"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "short"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "int"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "long"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "double"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "float"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "struct"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "union"))
return TYPE;
if(!strcmp(s, "enum"))
return TYPE;
return IDENTIFIER;
}
void
gettoken(void){
/*
**读取下一个标记到“that”
*/
char *p = that.string;
/*
**略过空白字符
*/
while(' ' == (*p = getchar()));
if(isalnum(*p)){
/*
**读入的标识符以A-Z,0-9开头。
*/
while(isalnum(*++p = getchar()));
ungetc(*p, stdin);
*p = '\0';
that.type = classify_string();
return;
}
if(NULL == *p){
strcpy(that.string, "pointer to");
that.type = '*';
return;
}
that.string[1] = '\0';
that.type = *p;
return;
}
/*
**理解所有分析过程的代码段
*/
void
read_to_first_identifier(){
gettoken();
while(IDENTIFIER != that.type){
push(that);
gettoken();
}
printf("%s is ", that.string);
gettoken();
}
void
deal_with_arrays(){
while( ']' == that.type ){
printf("array ");
gettoken();/*数字或‘]’*/
if(isdigit(that.string[0])){
printf("0..%d ", atoi(that.string) - 1);
gettoken();/*读取‘]’*/
}
gettoken();/*读取‘]’之后的再一个标记*/
printf("of ");
}
}
void
deal_with_function_args(){
while( ')' != that.type ){
gettoken();
}
gettoken();
printf("function returning ");
}
void
deal_with_pointers(){
while( '*' == stack[top].type){
printf("%s ", pop.string );
}
}
void
deal_with_declarator(){
/*
**处理标识符之后可能存在的数组或函数
*/
switch(that.type){
case '[' :deal_with_arrays(); break;
case '(' :deal_with_function_args();
}
deal_with_pointers();
/*
**处理在读入到标识符之前压入到堆栈中的符号
*/
while(top >= 0){
if( '(' == stack[top].type ){
pop;
gettoken();
deal_with_declarator();
}
else{
printf( "%s ", pop.string );
}
}
}
int
main(void){
/*
**将标记压入堆栈中,直到遇见标识符
*/
read_to_first_identifier();
deal_with_declarator();
printf("\n");
system( "pause" );
}