安卓学习UI组件-广播接收器-BroadcastReceiver

于 2016-03-28 17:20:00 发布
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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权
文章标签： 移动开发 ui java
原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/xiaofeiandroid/blog/648647
本文深入探讨了Android应用中的广播机制，包括普通广播、有序广播、粘性广播等类型，并通过实例展示了如何实现动态注册广播接收器、发送不同类型的广播以及在不同场景下广播的应用，如实时电量显示、开机启动、网络状态变化、电量监测等。

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activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送一个普通广播"
        android:id="@+id/button_normal"
        android:onClick="sendNormalClick"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送一个有序广播"
        android:onClick="sendOrderClick"
        android:id="@+id/button_order"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button_normal"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/button_normal"
        android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button_normal" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送一个粘性广播"
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:onClick="sendStickyClick"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button_order"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/button_order"
        android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button_order" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="启动接收粘性广播的Activity"
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:onClick="openStickyActivityClick"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/button"
        android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button" />
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.BatteryManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private MyReceiver2 receiver2 = new MyReceiver2();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    //在该方法中进行广播注册
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        //运行完可以交互
        super.onResume();
         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST");
        registerReceiver(receiver2, filter);

        //立即获取当前电量
        IntentFilter intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED");
        Intent batteryIntent=getApplicationContext().registerReceiver(null,intentFilter);
        int curr=batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL,0);//当前电量
        int total=batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE,1);//总电量
        int percent=curr*100/total;
        Toast.makeText(this, "当前电量为" + percent, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }

    //该方法中解除广播注册
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver2);
    }

    //发送一个普通的广播
    public void sendNormalClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST");
        intent.putExtra("info", "我们很有缘，终于对接了！");
        this.sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
//  发送一个有序广播
    public void sendOrderClick(View v) {
        Intent intent=new Intent("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST2");
        //参数：intent,接收权限
        this.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
    }
//发送一个粘性广播
    public void sendStickyClick(View v)
    {
        Intent intent=new Intent("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST3");
        this.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
    }
    public  void openStickyActivityClick(View v)
    {
        Intent intent=new Intent(this,MainActivity2.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }

}

 

MyReceiver1.java--普通广播

<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver1"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/*自定义的广播接收器*/
public class MyReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver1() {
    }
//运行接收的方法 同一个程序应用里
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
       String info=intent.getStringExtra("info");
        Toast.makeText(context,info,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

MyReceiver2.java--普通广播

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver2() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"动态注册的广播接收器",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
 
注册代码在MainActivity，动态注册
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST");
registerReceiver(receiver2, filter); 


 

MyReceiver3.java--有序广播--设置优先级priority

<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver3"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
        <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST2" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver3 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver3() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"有序广播-1",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        //给下一个广播传递Bundle
        Bundle data=new Bundle();
        data.putString("info","流离之人追逐幻影，广播-1");
        this.setResultExtras(data);
        //中断有序广播，只有有序广播能中断，
      //    this.abortBroadcast();
    }
}

MyReceiver4.java--有序广播

<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver4"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter android:priority="200">
        <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST2" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver4 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver4() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

      Bundle data=  getResultExtras(false);
        String info=data.getString("info");
        Toast.makeText(context, "有序广播-2--"+info, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

MyReceiver5.java--粘性广播

清单文件权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver5 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver5() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"接收一个粘性的广播",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
 

MainActivity2.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity2 extends ActionBarActivity {

    private MyReceiver5 receiver5 =new MyReceiver5();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter("com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST3");
        registerReceiver(receiver5,filter);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver5);
    }
}

MyReceiver6.java--开机广播

清单文件权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver6"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver6 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver6() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"开机啦",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

MyReceiver7.java--网络状态改变广播

清单文件权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver7"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.widget.Toast;

/*网络状态改变*/
public class MyReceiver7 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver7() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
         ConnectivityManager cm= (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
           NetworkInfo info= cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();//活动的网络信息
        if (info!=null)
        {
            String name=info.getTypeName();
            Toast.makeText(context,name,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

    }
}

MyReceiver8.java--（1）监测电量变化广播（2）立刻获取电量

（1）

清单文件：

<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver8"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"></action>

    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.BatteryManager;
import android.widget.Toast;

//监测电量变化
public class MyReceiver8 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver8() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    int curr=intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL,0);//当前电量
        int total=intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE,1);//总电量
        int percent=curr*100/total;
        Toast.makeText(context,"当前电量为"+percent,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }
}

（2）

在MainAvtivity.java 的onResume方法中

//立即获取当前电量
IntentFilter intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED");
Intent batteryIntent=getApplicationContext().registerReceiver(null,intentFilter);
int curr=batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL,0);//当前电量
int total=batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE,1);//总电量
int percent=curr*100/total;
Toast.makeText(this, "当前电量为" + percent, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

 

AndroidMainifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.myapplication">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver1"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <!--
            <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver2"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"></receiver>
        -->
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver3"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
                <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST2" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver4"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter android:priority="200">
                <action android:name="com.codingke.action.MY_BROADCAST2" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity2" />

        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver6"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver7"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver8"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"></action>

            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/xiaofeiandroid/blog/648647

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