CenOS 6.3 + nginx 1.2.4 + PHP 5.4.8 + MySQL 5.5.28 + memcached 
搞了好几天，终于把新服务器的配置弄完了，现在贴出来，也做个备忘！
另外还有 subversion-1.7.7 我就单独一篇来写了额
 
1. 修改 SSH 连接显示字符集 （可以忽略这一步，偶尔出现乱码影响也不大的）
# vi /etc/profile
添加：
LANG=zh_CN.GB2312
export LANG
使环境变量生效 保存后 断开 SSH 重新连接 
# source /etc/profile 
注意：
如果有添加这一步，在设置 mysql 密码时会出现个 sql 编码问题，需要注释掉这里的设置断开ssh后重连就可以了
 
2. 设置时区
# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
同步时间
# /usr/bin/rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net
写入 BIOS 避免失效
# hwclock -w
建议加入定时同步
# crontab -e
# 0 0 * * * /usr/bin/rdate -s rdate.darkorb.net
 
3. 配置服务器 yum 国内更新源地址
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
# yum makecache
 
4. 更新软件和安装依赖包
# sudo -s
# LANG=C
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers ntpd nmap patch cmake bison cgi* *-gd-* libtool-* gettext *libxml-devel libcurl-devel libevent libevent-devel net-snmp-devel lsof unzip
如果出现错误 如：Error: Package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64 (updates)
 
5. 设置路径
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
添加：
/usr/lib/
/usr/local/lib/
/usr/lib64/
/usr/local/lib64/
 
6. 最好重启一次
# reboot
 
7. 开始安装 nginx
新建保存下载软件的目录
# mkdir -p /mydata/soft
# mkdir -p /var/www/html
# cd /mydata/soft/
下载：
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.gz
# wget https://gperftools.googlecode.com/files/gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
# wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libunwind/libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
 
7.1 利用 TCMalloc 优化 nginx 性能
针对 64 位操作系统必须安装 libunwind 库
# tar zxvf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
# cd libunwind-1.1/
# CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC
# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
# cd ../
 
安装 google-perftools 优化
# tar zxvf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
# cd gperftools-2.0/
# ./configure
# make && make install
# echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
# /sbin/ldconfig
# cd ..
 
7.2 安装 pcre 使 nginx 支持 URL 重写
# tar zxvf pcre-8.31.tar.gz  
# cd pcre-8.31
# ./configure
# make && make install
# cd ../
 
7.3 编译安装 nginx
# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz  
# cd nginx-1.2.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-google_perftools_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/mydata/soft/pcre-8.31
# make && make install
#cd ../
 
# mkdir /tmp/tcmalloc
# chmod 0777 /tmp/tcmalloc
 
7.4 添加用户和组
# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
 
7.5 配置 nginx.conf
# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意：要在 pid 下一行添加下面的代码才能使优化生效
google_perftools_profiles  /tmp/tcmalloc;
 
示例：替换为以下内容
 
user www www;
worker_processes  4;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0100 1000 0010;
 
error_log  logs/error.log;
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile  65535;
google_perftools_profiles  /tmp/tcmalloc;
 
events {
   worker_connections  65535;
}
 
http {
   #include       deny_ips.conf;
   include       mime.types;
   default_type  application/octet-stream;
   server_tokens off;
 
   log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                     '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                     '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
   #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
   client_header_buffer_size 32k;
   large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
   client_max_body_size 50m;    
 
   sendfile       on;
   tcp_nopush     on;
   tcp_nodelay    on;
 
   keepalive_timeout  60;
 
   fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
   fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
   fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
   fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
   fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
   fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
   
   gzip on;
   gzip_min_length   1k;
   gzip_buffers      4 16k;
   gzip_http_version 1.0;
   gzip_comp_level   2;
   gzip_types        text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
   gzip_vary on;
 
   include vhost/*.conf;
}
 
7.6 启动 nginx
# ulimit -SHn 65535
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
7.7 验证google-perftools是否已经正常加载 命令:
 
# lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
显示如下：
nginx      2395 nobody   9w  REG  8,8       0    1599440 /tmp/tcmalloc.2395  
nginx      2396 nobody   11w REG  8,8       0    1599443 /tmp/tcmalloc.2396  
nginx      2397 nobody   13w REG  8,8       0    1599441 /tmp/tcmalloc.2397  
nginx      2398 nobody   15w REG  8,8       0    1599442 /tmp/tcmalloc.2398  
由于在Nginx配置文件中，设置worker_processes的值为4，因此开启了4个Nginx线程，每个线程会有一行记录。每个线程文件后面的数字值就是启动的Nginx的PID值。
至此，利用TCMalloc优化Nginx的操作完成。
 
7.8 优化 nginx 内核
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
末尾添加：
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
刷新配置
# /sbin/sysctl -p
 
7.9 添加 nginx 的系统服务
之前在安装的时候写过了，详细内容可前往下面地址：
 
7.10 添加各站点配置目录
# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
# mkdir vhost
 
7.10.1 配置 localhost 站点
# vi vhost/localhost.conf 
添加：
server
{
   listen       80;
   server_name  localhost;
   index index.html index.php;
   root  /var/www/html/;
 
   #limit_conn   crawler  20;    
 
   location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
   {
       #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
       #upload filesize limit
       #client_max_body_size 10m;
       fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
       fastcgi_index index.php;
       include fastcgi.conf;
   }
}
 
8. 安装 mysql
8.1 检测是否之前有安装过 rpm mysql包
查看系统是否有安装过 MySQL
注意大小写，如果mysql 不行就换MySQL
# rpm -qa | grep mysql
显示如：mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
将搜索出的包名全部卸载：（nodeps表示强制删除），
例如：
# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
 
 
8.2 下载 MySQL 相关软件包
# cd /mydata/soft
# wget http://www.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/
 
8.3 新建 MySQL 用户和组
# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
 
8.4 新建目录并设置权限
# chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data/
# mkdir -p /var/mysql/log/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/
# mkdir /home/mysql/temp
# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/temp
 
8.5 开始安装 MySQL
# tar xvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.28/
# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data
# make && make install
 
8.6 配置 my.cnf 文件
# cd support-files/
注意：my-large.cnf 适用于1G内存左右的服务器，
可以根据自己配置情况选用 my-large.cnf 或 my-huge.cnf 等不同配置
# cp my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 
之前这里 my.cnf 的路径设置有问题（现已修改），导致没有生效，今天关闭 innodb 时才发现。。
是放在 etc 下面才会生效的。。
参考配置：关闭 innodb，binlog 保存 30 天内的
# vi /etc/my.cnf
--------------------------------------忽略分隔线---------------------------------------
 
[client]
port    = 3306
socket  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/mysql/data
tmpdir = /home/mysql/temp
log-error = /var/mysql/log/error.log
pid-file = /var/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 200
max_connections = 1024
max_connect_errors = 1024
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 4
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /var/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
#relay-log-index = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
#relay-log-info-file = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
#relay-log = /var/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
 
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
 
#skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
 
#master-host     =   192.168.1.2
#master-user     =   username
#master-password =   password
#master-port     =  3306
 
server-id = 1
 
skip-innodb
 
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
 
slow-query-log = On
slow-query-log-file = /var/mysql/log/slow.log
long_query_time = 30
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
 
--------------------------------------忽略分隔线---------------------------------------
 
# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# cd ../../