在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:
通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点
1.怎么解析一个XML
2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?
3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源
4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用
下面是demo中的Activity。

public class MainActivity extends Activity { protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0; private ListView mListView; private MyContactAdapter mAdapter; private File cache; private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){ public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){
List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;
mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);
mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
};
};
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview); //创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的, cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache"); if(!cache.exists()){
cache.mkdirs();
} //获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做 new Thread(){ public void run() {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
List<Contact> contacts = null; try {
contacts = service.getContactAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} //子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的, //Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的 Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;
msg.obj = contacts;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
};
}.start();
}
@Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //清空缓存 File[] files = cache.listFiles(); for(File file :files){
file.delete();
}
cache.delete();
}
}


public class ContactService { /* * 从服务器上获取数据 */ public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {
List<Contact> contacts = null;
String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";
URL url = new URL(Parth);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); // 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析 contacts = xmlParser(is); return contacts;
} else { return null;
}
} // 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了 private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {
List<Contact> contacts = null;
Contact contact = null;
XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8"); int eventType = parser.getEventType(); while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { switch (eventType) { case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {
contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();
} else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
contact = new Contact();
contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
} else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
contact.setName(parser.nextText());
} else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {
contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
} break; case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
contacts.add(contact);
} break;
}
} return contacts;
} /* * 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片
* 这里的path是图片的地址 */ public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {
String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));
File file = new File(cache, name); // 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载 if (file.exists()) { return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI } else { // 从网络上获取图片 URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setDoInput(true); if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
is.close();
fos.close(); // 返回一个URI对象 return Uri.fromFile(file);
}
} return null;
}
}


public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter { protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0; private Context context; private List<Contact> contacts; private File cache; private LayoutInflater mInflater; // 自己定义的构造函数 public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) { this.context = context; this.contacts = contacts; this.cache = cache;
mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
@Override public int getCount() { return contacts.size();
}
@Override public Object getItem(int position) { return contacts.get(position);
}
@Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position;
}
@Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { // 1获取item,再得到控件 // 2 获取数据 // 3绑定数据到item View view = null; if (convertView != null) {
view = convertView;
} else {
view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);
}
ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);
TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
Contact contact = contacts.get(position); // 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);
tv_name.setText(contact.name); return view;
} private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);
task.execute(path);
} private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> { private ContactService service; private ImageView iv_header; public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) { this.service = service; this.iv_header = iv_header;
} // 后台运行的子线程子线程 @Override protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) { try { return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} return null;
} // 这个放在在ui线程中执行 @Override protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) { super.onPostExecute(result); // 完成图片的绑定 if (iv_header != null && result != null) {
iv_header.setImageURI(result);
}
}
} /** * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片 */ /*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {
Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;
if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {
iv_header.setImageURI(uri);
}
}
}
};
// 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ContactService service = new ContactService();
try {
//这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI
Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;
msg.obj = uri;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
new Thread(runnable).start();
}*/ }


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <contacts> <contact id="1"> <name>张飞</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="2"> <name>博文</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="3"> <name>张天佑</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="4"> <name>松德</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="5"> <name>赵薇</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="6"> <name>李静</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="7"> <name>李明</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="8"> <name>黎明</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="9"> <name>秦桧</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="10"> <name>朱德</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="11"> <name>冯巩</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="12"> <name>dylan</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="13"> <name>黄单</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="14"> <name>含蕊</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif"/> </contact> <contact id="15"> <name>欣琪</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg"/> </contact> <contact id="16"> <name>李忠华</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg"/> </contact> <contact id="17"> <name>方产员</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg"/> </contact> <contact id="18"> <name>张光</name> <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg"/> </contact> </contacts>

本demo中为了安全起见,还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密,下面是MD5加密的代码

public class MD5 { public static String getMD5(String content) { try {
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
digest.update(content.getBytes()); return getHashString(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} return null;
} private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (byte b : digest.digest()) {
builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));
builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));
} return builder.toString();
}
}

以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。