转载自:http://www.see-source.com/ 源码解析网
网上对于struts2请求处理流程的讲解还是比较多的,有的还是非常详细的,所以这里我就简单地将大概流程总结下,有了个大概印象后理解起源码就会有一定的思路了:
struts2的请求处理过程实际上是在初始化中加载的配置及容器的基础上,通过请求的url分析出命名空间、action名称、方法名称,在利用命名空间检索出该命名空间下配置的所有antion,在通过action名称找到具体的action,生成action实例,如果该action上配置了拦截器则依次调用拦截器,之后调用action中方法名称指定的方法,最后通过配置中的result返回相应视图。
版本:struts2-2.1.6 xwork-2.1.2
下面就通过源码进行分析下:
struts2中处理请求是通过过滤器org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的doFilter()方法实现的,如下:
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: ";
try {
// FIXME: this should be refactored better to not duplicate work with the action invocation
ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
ActionContext ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
ActionContext.setContext(ctx);
UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response);
ActionMapping mapping;
try {
mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("error getting ActionMapping", ex);
dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex);
return;
}
if (mapping == null) {
// there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?
String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);
if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {
resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
}
if (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) {
staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response);
} else {
// this is a normal request, let it pass through
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
// The framework did its job here
return;
}
dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
} finally {
try {
ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req);
} finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
}
}
}
前2句比较简单,向上转换req、res为标准接口HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse形式。req是org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade的实例,RequestFacade实现了接口HttpServletRequest,而HttpServletRequest继承自ServletRequest接口。第3句,获得servletContext即servlet上下文,通过上下文对象可以访问web.xml描述文件的初始化参数。第4句定义timerKey变量,值是将当前过滤器的类名和当前方法名拼接起来,看下下面的代码发现timerKey用于UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey)和UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey)俩句,其实这俩句并不属于处理流程的功能代码,而是性能代码,主要是监测下doFilter()方法的执行时间,然后通过日志打印出来,所以这俩句可以不用理会。ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack()句,首先通过dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class)从容器中获得type(类型)为ValueStackFactory.class的bean,然后调用该bean的createValueStack()创建一个ValueStack实例。ValueStackFactory.class默认情况下是使用struts-default.xml配置中的 <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />,即通过上面的容器返回的是个com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory实例,从名字看出其是个ValueStack工厂,通过调用该工厂的createValueStack()方法返回ValueStack实例。
ValueStack就是通常所说的"值栈",系统每次请求时都会创建个新的ValueStack,其中会保存着本次请求处理的所有中间数据,如:请求的action实例、各种servlet内置对象(request、response、session、application等)、请求参数等。F5看下定义:
public interface ValueStack {
public static final String VALUE_STACK = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ValueStack";
public static final String REPORT_ERRORS_ON_NO_PROP = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ReportErrorsOnNoProp";
public abstract Map<String, Object> getContext();
public abstract void setDefaultType(Class defaultType);
public abstract void setExprOverrides(Map<Object, Object> overrides);
public abstract Map<Object, Object> getExprOverrides();
public abstract CompoundRoot getRoot();
public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value);
public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
public abstract String findString(String expr);
public abstract Object findValue(String expr);
public abstract Object findValue(String expr, Class asType);
public abstract Object peek();
public abstract Object pop();
public abstract void push(Object o);
public abstract void set(String key, Object o);
public abstract int size();
}
是个接口,因为ValueStack本身是堆栈,所以我们看到peek()、pop()、push()等堆栈方法都是有的,其中有个最重要的方法getContext()和getRoot(),getContext()返回的是个Map<String, Object>类型,一般请求中的参数、servlet各种内置对象都是存放在这个Map中。getRoot()返回的就是堆栈数据实际存放的地方,peek()、pop()、push()都是基于其操作的。CompoundRoot是个堆栈类,它继承了java.util.ArrayList,并以此为基础实现了peek()、pop()、push()方法,从而可以独立的作为堆栈使用。这样的话ValueStack就不必在单独实现堆栈功能,只需要在内部创建个CompoundRoot实例就可,其peek()、pop()、push()方法直接调用CompoundRoot的相应方法即可,实际上struts2中的
ValueStack默认实现类就是这样做的。另外在这个堆栈中保存的最典型的数据就是action实例。有ognl知识的朋友知道,ognl中基于搜索的有俩个重要对象:上下文和根对象,实际上struts2在利用ognl时,是将getContext()获得的对象作为ognl的上下文、getRoot()获得的作为根对象。这就是为什么我们在通过struts2标签访问action中属性数据时不需要加"#",而访问request、response、session中数据时需要加"#"的原因了。因为ognl中访问根对象是不需要加"#"的,而访问上下文是需要加"#"的。为了更好的理解这块,建议大家先学习下ognl的使用方法及特性。为了验证上面的说法,我举个例子,看下struts2的<s:property value=""/>标签是如何使用ValueStack的,以及最后如何调用ognl的。
这里还要事先交代下,在处理流程的后面处理中会将ValueStack(引用)存于俩个地:一个是ActionContext,另一个是通过request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, valuesStack)将ValueStack存于request中。<s:property value=""/>标签中使用的ValueStack是通过request获得的。下面看下<s:property value=""/>标签的源码,从struts2的标签定义文件struts-tags.tld中查到,该标签对应的类是org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.PropertyTag,如下:
public class PropertyTag extends ComponentTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 435308349113743852L;
private String defaultValue;
private String value;
private boolean escape = true;
private boolean escapeJavaScript = false;
public Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) {
return new Property(stack);
}
protected void populateParams() {
super.populateParams();
Property tag = (Property) component;
tag.setDefault(defaultValue);
tag.setValue(value);
tag.setEscape(escape);
tag.setEscapeJavaScript(escapeJavaScript);
}
public void setDefault(String defaultValue) {
this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
}
public void setEscape(boolean escape) {
this.escape = escape;
}
public void setEscapeJavaScript(boolean escapeJavaScript) {
this.escapeJavaScript = escapeJavaScript;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
我们要找下标签的doStartTag(),这个方法会在标签被处理前调用。关于标签这块,建议大家先学下jsp自定义标签的使用。
去它的父类ComponentTagSupport中找下:
public abstract class ComponentTagSupport extends StrutsBodyTagSupport {
protected Component component;
public abstract Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res);
public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
component.end(pageContext.getOut(), getBody());
component = null;
return EVAL_PAGE;
}
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
container.inject(component);
populateParams();
boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());
if (evalBody) {
return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
} else {
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
protected void populateParams() {
}
public Component getComponent() {
return component;
}
}
找到了。doStartTag()方法第1句,调用getBean(),其中有个参数调用了getStack(),实际上这个方法返回的就是我上面说的ValueStack。F5进入:
public class StrutsBodyTagSupport extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1201668454354226175L;
protected ValueStack getStack() {
return TagUtils.getStack(pageContext);
}
.
.
.
//省略
}
该方法是在ComponentTagSupport的父类StrutsBodyTagSupport中。其中只有一句TagUtils.getStack(pageContext),pageContext就是servlet的页面上下文内置对象,F5进入TagUtils.getStack(pageContext):
public static ValueStack getStack(PageContext pageContext) {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest();
ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) req.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);
if (stack == null) {
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse();
Dispatcher du = Dispatcher.getInstance();
if (du == null) {
throw new ConfigurationException("The Struts dispatcher cannot be found. This is usually caused by "+
"using Struts tags without the associated filter. Struts tags are only usable when the request "+
"has passed through its servlet filter, which initializes the Struts dispatcher needed for this tag.");
}
stack = du.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
Map<String, Object> extraContext = du.createContextMap(new RequestMap(req),
req.getParameterMap(),
new SessionMap(req),
new ApplicationMap(pageContext.getServletContext()),
req,
res,
pageContext.getServletContext());
extraContext.put(ServletActionContext.PAGE_CONTEXT, pageContext);
stack.getContext().putAll(extraContext);
req.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);
// also tie this stack/context to the ThreadLocal
ActionContext.setContext(new ActionContext(stack.getContext()));
} else {
// let's make sure that the current page context is in the action context
Map<String, Object> context = stack.getContext();
context.put(ServletActionContext.PAGE_CONTEXT, pageContext);
AttributeMap attrMap = new AttributeMap(context);
context.put("attr", attrMap);
}
return stack;
}
方法第1句,通过页面上下文对象pageContext获得本次请求的request对象,第2句在通过req.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY)获得ValueStack,因为事先struts2已经通过request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, valuesStack)将ValueStack存于request的ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY属性中,所以通过第2句就可以获得ValueStack,直接return stack返回到ComponentTagSupport类的doStartTag()方法,如下(我在把代码粘下):
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
container.inject(component);
populateParams();
boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());
if (evalBody) {
return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
} else {
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
执行完getStack()接着看getBean()方法,在ComponentTagSupport类中可以找到,getBean()方法被定义为抽象方法,所以具体的实现要在其子类PropertyTag中找,F5进入:
public Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) {
return new Property(stack);
}
方法只有一句通过new 生成了Property实例,同时将stack作为构造参数传进去,这个stack就是我们上面通过getStack()得到的ValueStack,执行完后程序会重新回到ComponentTagSupport类的doStartTag()方法,我把代码在粘下:
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
container.inject(component);
populateParams();
boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());
if (evalBody) {
return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
} else {
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
这样component中实际引用的就是Property实例,第2、3句,调用容器,通过container.inject(component)将Property中需要注入的属性赋值(带有@Inject标注的)。populateParams()句将标签属性添加到component相应属性中,如value、escape。核心在下面这句component.start(pageContext.getOut()),通过ognl访问ValueStack从而获得标签的value值,F5进入Property的start():
public boolean start(Writer writer) {
boolean result = super.start(writer);
String actualValue = null;
if (value == null) {
value = "top";
}
else {
value = stripExpressionIfAltSyntax(value);
}
// exception: don't call findString(), since we don't want the
// expression parsed in this one case. it really
// doesn't make sense, in fact.
actualValue = (String) getStack().findValue(value, String.class);
try {
if (actualValue != null) {
writer.write(prepare(actualValue));
} else if (defaultValue != null) {
writer.write(prepare(defaultValue));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.info("Could not print out value '" + value + "'", e);
}
return result;
}
直接看(String) getStack().findValue(value, String.class) 调用getStack()获得ValueStack,这个ValueStack实在Property实例生成时通过构造方法传入的。之后调用ValueStack的findValue()方法, 其中参数value就是<s:property value=""/>标签的value属性值。我们在上面说过ValueStack的实现类默认使用的是com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack类,F5进入其findValue():
public Object findValue(String expr, Class asType) {
try {
if (expr == null) {
return null;
}
if ((overrides != null) && overrides.containsKey(expr)) {
expr = (String) overrides.get(expr);
}
Object value = ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root, asType);
if (value != null) {
return value;
} else {
return findInContext(expr);
}
} catch (OgnlException e) {
return findInContext(expr);
} catch (Exception e) {
logLookupFailure(expr, e);
return findInContext(expr);
} finally {
ReflectionContextState.clear(context);
}
}
直接看ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root, asType)句,可以看到content、root就是我们上面说的ValueStack中getContext()和getRoot()方法中对应的属性值,我们说过它分别对应ognl中的上下文和根对象。ognlUtil是com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil类的实例,是struts2中用于操作ognl而单独封装的管理类, F5进入ognlUtil.getValue()方法:
public Object getValue(String name, Map<String, Object> context, Object root, Class resultType) throws OgnlException {
return Ognl.getValue(compile(name), context, root, resultType);
}
实际上,上面的方法只是将name做处理后直接调用ognl的getValue()方法。context作为ognl的上下文,root作为ognl的根对象,name是属性名。此时的root中就存放着当前action的实例。return返回的值就是<s:property value=""/>标签最终所获得的值。说道这熟悉ognl的应该已经明白了。