CodeForces 617E XOR and Favorite Number

本文深入探讨了莫队算法的核心原理与优化技巧,并通过实例展示了其在解决复杂查询问题时的强大效能。从算法的基本概念出发,逐步解析其实现细节与应用场景,旨在帮助读者掌握这一高效的数据结构算法。

莫队算法。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=100000+10;
int a[maxn],pre[maxn];
long long cnt[20*maxn];
int pos[maxn];
int n,m,k;
long long ans[maxn];
long long Ans;
int L,R;
struct X
{
    int l,r,id;
}s[maxn];

bool cmp(const X&a,const X&b)
{
    if(pos[a.l]==pos[b.l]) return a.r<b.r;
    return a.l<b.l;
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k);

    int sz=sqrt(n);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        pre[i]=(pre[i-1]^a[i]);
        pos[i]=i/sz;
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&s[i].l,&s[i].r);
        s[i].id=i;
    }

    sort(s+1,s+1+m,cmp);
    Ans=0;

    cnt[pre[s[1].l-1]]++;

    for(int i=s[1].l;i<=s[1].r;i++)
    {
        Ans=Ans+cnt[pre[i]^k];
        cnt[pre[i]]++;
    }

    L=s[1].l; R=s[1].r;
    ans[s[1].id]=Ans;

    for(int i=2;i<=m;i++)
    {
        while(L<s[i].l)
        {
            cnt[pre[L-1]]--;
            Ans=Ans-cnt[pre[L-1]^k];
            L++;
        }

        while(L>s[i].l)
        {
            L--;
            Ans=Ans+cnt[pre[L-1]^k];
            cnt[pre[L-1]]++;
        }

        while(R<s[i].r)
        {
            R++;
            Ans=Ans+cnt[pre[R]^k];
            cnt[pre[R]]++;
        }

        while(R>s[i].r)
        {
            cnt[pre[R]]--;
            Ans=Ans-cnt[pre[R]^k];
            R--;
        }
        ans[s[i].id]=Ans;
    }

    for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)
        printf("%lld\n",ans[i]);

    return 0;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zufezzt/p/5405963.html

### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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