155.3. ansible - run a command somewhere else-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了Ansible命令的使用方法，包括如何指定主机模式、模块参数、主机清单文件等选项。并通过实例展示了如何利用Ansible进行Ping测试、文件复制、安装软件包等常见操作。

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Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]

Options:
  -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS
                        module arguments
  -k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password
  --ask-su-pass         ask for su password
  -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password
  --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
  -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS
                        run asynchronously, failing after X seconds
                        (default=N/A)
  -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
                        of the changes that may occur
  -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION
                        connection type to use (default=smart)
  -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS
                        specify number of parallel processes to use
                        (default=5)
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY
                        specify inventory host file
                        (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
                        further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
  --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
                        anything else
  -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME
                        module name to execute (default=command)
  -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH
                        specify path(s) to module library
                        (default=/usr/share/ansible)
  -o, --one-line        condense output
  -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL
                        set the poll interval if using -B (default=15)
  --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE
                        use this file to authenticate the connection
  -S, --su              run operations with su
  -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER
                        run operations with su as this user (default=root)
  -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)
  -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER
                        desired sudo user (default=root)
  -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
                        override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
  -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this directory
  -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER
                        connect as this user (default=root)
  --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
                        vault password file
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable
                        connection debugging)
  --version             show program's version number and exit

155.3.1. host-pattern

匹配所有主机

# ansible all -m ping -u root

匹配指定IP地址

# ansible 192.168.2.9 -m ping -u root

192.168.2.9 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

使用通配符

# ansible 192.168.2.? -m ping -u root

192.168.2.9 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

# ansible 192.168.2.* -m ping -u root

192.168.2.12 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

192.168.2.15 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

192.168.2.9 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

192.168.2.11 | success >> {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

155.3.2. -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS module arguments

ansible all -a 'echo hello'

155.3.3. -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)

制定一个hosts文件

# echo '192.168.6.10' >> hosts

# cat hosts
192.168.6.10

# ansible all -a 'echo hello' -i hosts -u root
192.168.6.10 | success | rc=0 >>
hello

155.3.4. -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME module name to execute (default=command)

$ ansible all -m ping -u neo

ansible all -m copy -a "src=hosts dest=~/hosts" -i hosts -u vagrant

155.3.5. -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd)

sudo 模式

# as bruce, sudoing to root
$ ansible all -m ping -u neo --sudo
# as bruce, sudoing to batman
$ ansible all -m ping -u www --sudo --sudo-user neo

155.3.6. -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root)

$ ansible all -m ping -u www

155.3.7. 使用实例

# ansible all -m yum -a "name=wget state=present"

原文出处：Netkiller 系列手札
本文作者：陈景峯
转载请与作者联系，同时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。