加上你的准备的时间,估计30分钟完全够用了,因为最近在做爬虫管理平台,想着快速开发,没想到python web平台下有这么非常方便的框架,简洁而优雅。将自己的一些坑总结出来,方便给大家的使用。
准备环境:
系统:win7 or ubuntu
django版本:1.8.5
python版本:2.7.6
数据库:自带的SQLLITE3
IDE: sublime text 3
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一,选择文件夹,用命令行创建文件夹
sudo django-admin startproject mysite
可以看到mysite文件夹,用命令行切换下mysite文件夹里面情况
. ├── manage.py └── mysite ├── __init__.py ├── settings.py ├── urls.py └── wsgi.py 1 directory, 5 files
而manage.py就是我们管理mysite文件夹管理命令文件,用sublime text 3打开该文件夹。
二,在site下建立app ,输入命令:
sudo python manage.py startapp spiderinfo
这个时候文件夹的情况如下:
2015-10-18 17:09:24 ☆ BruceUbuntu in ~/Desktop/djangoprojects/mysite ○ → tree . ├── manage.py ├── mysite │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __init__.pyc │ ├── settings.py │ ├── settings.pyc │ ├── urls.py │ └── wsgi.py └── spiderinfo ├── admin.py ├── __init__.py ├── migrations │ └── __init__.py ├── models.py ├── tests.py └── views.py
三,app情况已经创建好了,django自带了ORM,我们只需要关注代码层的情况就可以了。
这个时候打开spiderinfo文件夹下的models.py,我们来简单的设计两张表
spider爬虫表,spiderconfig爬虫配置表
代码如下:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class SpiderConfig(models.Model):
"""docstring for SpiderConfig"""
cid = models.AutoField(primary_key = True)
configname = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
createtime = models.DateTimeField()
class Spider(models.Model):
Sid = models.AutoField(primary_key = True)
SpiderName = models.CharField(max_length=200)
Config = models.ForeignKey(SpiderConfig,to_field='cid')
Enable = models.BooleanField(default = True)
每个Spider有一个SpiderConfig配置方案,这样就有一个主外键的关系,我们先将写好的关系同步到数据库:
python manage.py migrate
这个时候会自动产生脚本:
Operations to perform: Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions Synchronizing apps without migrations: Creating tables... Running deferred SQL... Installing custom SQL... Running migrations: Rendering model states... DONE Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
同步到数据库:
python manage.py syncdb
这个时候会产生同步的过程
○ → python manage.py syncdb /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py:24: RemovedInDjango19Warning: The syncdb command will be removed in Django 1.9 warnings.warn("The syncdb command will be removed in Django 1.9", RemovedInDjango19Warning) Operations to perform: Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions Synchronizing apps without migrations: Creating tables... Running deferred SQL... Installing custom SQL... Running migrations: No migrations to apply. You have installed Django's auth system, and don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use 'bruce'): Email address: nice_game@163.com Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully.
这个时候会让你输入管理界面的用户名密码,正常输入就可以了。
四,运行server,打开从网页中打开。
python manage.py runserver
打开server,输入网址:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
我们就可以在后台中看到管理界面了:
五,管理的后台看不到里面的内容,这个时候我们要编辑admin.py的内容,在后台管理界面来显示
代码:
from django.contrib import admin
import spiderinfo.models as app
# Register your models here.
class SpiderConfigAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
#要显示的字段列表
list_display = ['Cid','Configname','Createtime']
#要搜索的字段列表
search_fields = ['Configname','Createtime']
list_filter = ['Createtime']
#max show count
#list_max_show_all = 100
#Config_id
class SpiderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display =['SpiderName','Config','Enable']
#这里特别说明,比如我要根据外键的ConfigName来在Spider实体中的
search_fields = ['SpiderName','Config__Configname']
list_filter = ['Enable','SpiderName']
admin.site.register(app.Spider ,SpiderAdmin)
admin.site.register(app.SpiderConfig , SpiderConfigAdmin)
最的一步,在settings.py里面为我们的应用注册
效果如下:
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总结:说30分钟,其实只是建立一个快速搭建的界面,django写的这么优雅和简洁,30分钟怎么可能了解全部呢,一个好的东西是需要花时间好好学习的。