IP地址:

        00000000. 00000000. 00000000. 00000000
        11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111111
        0.0.0.0   -  255.255.255.255

    A类:      前八位第一位为0IP地址,为A类:

        00000001.0.0.0
        01111111.255.255.255
         子网掩码:     255.0.0.0
                       11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
        10.0.0.1
        255.255.255.0
         1.0.0.0              
         126.255.255.255
         A类:      网段数:  27  只有126个网段
                    主机数:  224–2=16777216-2= 166777214
 127.0.0.1         
        B类:前八位用10开头的,为B类:
                10000000.0.0.0
                10111111.255.25.255
         128.0.0.0
         191.255.255.255
         子网掩码:255.255.0.0
         B类:网段数: 214  16384个网段
              主机数:  216–2 =65536-2 = 65534
        C类:前八位用110开头,为C类
             11000000.0.0.0
             11011111.255.255.255
 
              192.0.0.0
              223.255.255.255
 
             192.168.216.250
             255.0.0.0
 
             子网掩码:255.255.255.0
         C类:网段数:221
              主机数:28 -2 = 256-2 =254
        D类:前八位用1110开头,为D类
                11100000.0.0.0
                11101111.255.255.255
 
                 224.0.0.0
                 239.255.255.255
        E类:前八位用1111开头,为E类
                11110000.0.0.0
                11111111.255.255.255
 
         240.0.0.0
         255.255.255.255
        私有IP地址:
                 A:10.0.0.0- 10.255.255.255
                    255.0.0.0
                 B:172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255
                    255.255.0.0
                 C:192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
                    255.255.255.0

    总结:

                 1、可用IP地址分为ABC三类

                 2、每个类别的IP地址中,都有一部分私有IP地址

                 3、子网掩码必须和IP地址成对出现

                 4、每个网段都有默认子网掩码,用来区分网络位和主机位

     子网掩码划分:

         如果子网掩码是1,那么和他对应的IP地址代表网络位

         如果子网掩码是0,那么和他对应的IP地址代表主机位

         子网掩码只要是连续的1,就可用

       192.168.1.100  11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100     /26
        255.255.255.128  11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
         子网划分:
                   21网段数 2
                   主机数:27  =128
                   此IP的网络地址:192.168.1.0
                   此IP的广播地址:192.168.1.127
 
        192.168.1.100 11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100
        255.255.255.192  11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
            11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000     192.168.1.64
            11000000.10101000.00000001.01111111     192.168.1.127
                   网段数:2 2次方=  4
                   主机数:26-2 = 64-2 = 62
                   网络地址:192.168.1.64
                   广播地址:192.168.1.127
 
        1       1      1
        1       0      0
        0       1      0
        0       0      0
    子网掩码计算公式:
             网络地址:     把IP地址和子网掩码的二进制相与,得到的就是网络地址
             广播地址:     子网掩码中有几个0,就把IP地址的对应位数换成1,得到的就是广播地址
             网段数:         在有效子网中,有n个1,网段数是2的n次方
             主机数:         在有效子网中,有m个0,主机数就是2的m次方减2
    192.168.1.213  11000000.10101000.00000001.11010101
    255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
    网络地址:11000000.10101000.00000001.11010000  192.168.1.208
    广播地址:11000000.10101000.00000001.11011111   192.168.1.223
    网段数:  2*4   =  16
    主机数:  2*4 -2  =  14
 
    192.168.1.139   11000000.10101000.00000001.10001011
    255.255.255.248  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
    网络地址:11000000.10101000.00000001.10001000  192.168.1.136
    广播地址:11000000.10101000.00000001.10001111  192.168.1.143
    网段数:2*5  =     32
    主机数:2*3-2=6
 
    192.168.1.179                  
    255.255.255.252 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
         网络地址:192.168.1.176
         广播地址:192.168.1.179
         网段数:2*6 = 64
         主机数:2*2 - 2 = 2
 
    192.168.1.97 11000000.10101000.00000001.01100001
    255.255.254.0 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
    .网络地址:11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000  192.168.0.0
    广播地址: 11000000.10101000.00000001.11111111  192.168.1.255
    网段数:2*7
    主机数:2*9-2
 
     172.16.0.0  11111110.00010000.00000000.00000000
     255.255.254.0  11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
         网络地址位:11111110.00010000.00000000.00000000  172.16.0.0
         广播位: 11111110.00010000.00000001.11111111  127.16.1.255
         网络位: 215
         主机位: 29-2
 
61.1.1.1
255.255.255.240
子网掩码表格:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 
二进制              十进制          网段数              主机数
00000000         255.255.255.0       1                   254
10000000         255.255.255.128     2                   126
11000000         255.255.255.192     4                    62
11100000         255.255.255.224     8                    30
11110000         255.255.255.240     16                   14
11111000         255.255.255.248     32                   6
11111100         255.255.255.252     64                   2
 
10.168.211.49  00001010.10101000.11010011.00110001
255.240.0.0    11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000
         网络地址位:00001010.10100000.00000000.00000000  10.160.0.0
         广播位:00001010.10101111.11111111.11111111     10.175.255.255
         网络位:212
         主机位:220-2
 
172.16.199.217  10100010.00010000.11000111.11011001
255.255.224.0   11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
         网络地址位:10100010.00010000.11000000.00000000  172.16.192.0
         广播地址位:10100010.00010000.11011111.11111111  172.16.223.255
         网络位:23
         主机位:213-2
172.16.205.168  10100010.00010000.11001101.10101000.
255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
         网络地址位:10100010.00010000.11001101.10100000127.16.205.160
         广播地址位:10100010.00010000.11001101.10101111127.16.205.175
         网络位:24
         主机位:24-2
192.168.1.167  11000000.10101000.00000001.10100111
255.255.248.0  11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
         网络位地址:11000000.10101000.00000000.00000000  192.168.0.0
         广播位:11000000.10101000.00000111.11111111  192.168.7.255
         网络位:25
         主机位:211-2