【Valid Parentheses】cpp

本文详细解析了一个用于判断括号序列是否有效的代码实现,包括使用栈数据结构进行匹配验证的过程。通过实例代码,深入理解如何确保括号、方括号和花括号在输入字符串中正确闭合。

题目:

Given a string containing just the characters '('')''{''}''[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.

The brackets must close in the correct order, "()" and "()[]{}" are all valid but "(]" and "([)]" are not.

代码:

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValid(string s) {
            std::stack<char> result;
            for ( size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i )
            {
                if ( s[i]=='(' || s[i]=='[' || s[i]=='{' ) 
                {
                    result.push(s[i]);
                    continue;
                }
                if ( result.empty() ) return false;
                char top = result.top();
                if ( s[i]==')' && top!='(' ) return false;
                if ( s[i]==']' && top!='[' ) return false;
                if ( s[i]=='}' && top!='{') return false;
                result.pop();
            }
            return result.empty();
    }
};

tips:

口诀:左号进栈,右号出栈;出栈判断是否正确。

===========================================

第二次过这道题,凭感觉写了一份代码,稍微冗长一些;修改了一次AC了。

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValid(string s) {
            stack<char> sta;
            int i = 0;
            while ( i<s.size() )
            {
                if ( s[i]=='(' || s[i]=='[' || s[i]=='{' )
                {
                    sta.push(s[i]);
                }
                else if ( s[i]==')' || s[i]==']' || s[i]=='}' )
                {
                    if ( sta.empty() ) return false;
                    if ( s[i]==')' )
                    {
                        if ( sta.top()=='(' )
                        {
                            sta.pop();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                    else if ( s[i]==']' )
                    {
                        if ( sta.top()=='[' )
                        {
                            sta.pop();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ( sta.top()=='{' )
                        {
                            sta.pop();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    return false;
                }
                ++i;
            }
            return sta.empty();
    }
};

有个地方不要遗漏:如果是右号,要判断一下stack是否为空。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xbf9xbf/p/4497423.html

#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** @brief Backtracking algorithms @namespace backtracking / namespace backtracking { /* @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vectorstd::string res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vectorstd::string generate(int n); }; /** @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. @param str string build during backtracking @param n number of pairs of parentheses @param closed number of closed parentheses @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** @brief wrapper interface @param n number of pairs of parentheses @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vectorstd::string generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = “(”; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** @brief Self-test implementations @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vectorstd::string patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{“()”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{“()()()”}, {“()(())”}, {“(())()”}, {“(()())”}, {“((()))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{“()()()()”}, {“()()(())”}, {“()(())()”}, {“()(()())”}, {“()((()))”}, {“(())()()”}, {“(())(())”}, {“(()())()”}, {“(()()())”}, {“(()(()))”}, {“((()))()”}, {“((())())”}, {“((()()))”}, {“(((())))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << “All tests passed\n”; } /** @brief Main function @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 在这段代码的基础上为C++初学者出几个练习题?
03-08
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