private static int roundUpToPowerOf2(int number) {
return number >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
: (number > 1) ? Integer.highestOneBit((number - 1) << 1) : 1;
}
static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
// assert Integer.bitCount(length) == 1 : "length must be a non-zero power of 2";
return h & (length-1);
}
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Integer.highestOneBit方法是获取不大于本身的2^n的值,那该方法具体含义是:
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获取新的数组容量值,如果给定值大于等于最大的容量,则返回最大容量,否则:如果容量小于等于1,则返回1,否则返回大于等于给定值的最接近的2^n的值
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容量为什么要是2^n次方呢?且看如下代码:
-
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给方法是查找h(ash)在数组的索引位置;那现在看length为什么要是2^n次方呢?点此查看
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保证&之后的数据不大于length
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length-1之后,最低的n位都是1,那与h的&运算之后的值即是h的最低n位
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采用length-1而不是直接length是因为2^n最低一位是0,那&运算之后数据都分布在偶数位,不是随机的
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private void inflateTable(int toSize) {
// Find a power of 2 >= toSize
int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize);
threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
table = new Entry[capacity];
initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity);
}
扩容:先获取最接近并且>=指定容量的的数值作为扩容后的容量;扩容界限就是取容量*加载因子和最大容量+1的最小值;重新初始化table;扩容之后的table没有任何数据,所以在相关调用操作之后会有数据重新分配操作,比较耗时,所以在初始化一个hashmap的时候最好指定容量避免扩容操作发生
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)
return getForNullKey();
Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);
return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
}
get方法:
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如果key==null,则单独获取
private V getForNullKey() {
if (size == 0) {
return null;
}
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.key == null)
return e.value;
}
return null;
}
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如果size==0,则直接返回null;
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遍历table,判断key,返回value
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
if (size == 0) {
return null;
}
int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}
根据key获取Entry:
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获取hash值
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获取数组索引
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获取数组中索引的第一个entry
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遍历entry,如果hash值相等并且(key相等或者equal),则返回当前entry即可
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getEntry(key) != null;
}
判断key是否存在只是调用getEntry方法判断是否为null即可
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable(threshold);
}
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
put方法:
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如果table为空数组,则先扩容到扩容界限(threshold)的数组,如果是默认的初始化方法,则threshold=容量;执行该方法之后。threshold=容量*加载因子;
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如果key==null,单独存入该值,putForNullKey
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根据hash和length获取table索引,找出第一个entry
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遍历entry,如果找到则重新设置新值,返回旧值,否则新添加一个entry(addEntry)
private V putForNullKey(V value) {
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.key == null) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
return null;
}
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存入key==null的value,直接查找table的第一个位置(index=0),如果找到则重新设置新值,返回旧值,否则添加新的entry;
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key==null的值全部在table【0】的entry上
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}
createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
创建新的entry:
-
先检查是否满足扩容条件:size>=threshold&&null!=table[bucketIndex];
-
如果满足扩容,计算新的hash和数组索引(bucketIndex)
-
创建新的entry(createEntry)
-
注意事项:size是针对hash表里的所有数据的容量,而扩容是指数组扩容
void resize(int newCapacity) {
Entry[] oldTable = table;
int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
table = newTable;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
}
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先获取oldTable的length,如果已是最大长度,则无需扩容,并且将threshold设为Integer.MAX_VALUE,不可扩容!
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创建新的Entry数组,将旧的table数据添加到newTable中(transfer)
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设置新的table和threshold
void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) {
int newCapacity = newTable.length;
for (Entry<K,V> e : table) {
while(null != e) {
Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
if (rehash) {
e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key);
}
int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
e.next = newTable[i];
newTable[i] = e;
e = next;
}
}
}
简单理解为:数据拷贝
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获取新的数组长度,遍历table数组;
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遍历每个链表:重定向到新的数组和链表中
-
现在遍历到[1,0]即table[1]下的第一个entry,计算得出在新的i=5,则该entry的下一个是newTable[5],newTable[5]=entry
-
从以上可以看出,新进入newTable的数据在后进入的next下
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
size++;
}
创建新的Entry:
-
先根据索引(bucketIndex)获取数组中的元素(e)
-
创建新的entry,位于链表第一个entry,而e是当前新的entry的next
public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
return;
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable((int) Math.max(numKeysToBeAdded * loadFactor, threshold));
}
/*
* Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
* is greater than or equal to threshold. This is conservative; the
* obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
* condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
* if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
* By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
* to at most one extra resize.
*/
if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
int newCapacity = table.length;
while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
newCapacity <<= 1;
if (newCapacity > table.length)
resize(newCapacity);
}
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
将一个集合添加到现有集合中:
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先获取要添加结合的元素数量
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如果现有集合是空集合,扩容:当前threshold和根据添加元素容量计算的新容量的最大值
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假如添加的集合元素数量>threshold,则判断当前table是否需要扩容
-
此处是保守估计新的集合添加之后的容量:但是可以保证最多只有一次调用resize方法!
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如果numKeysToBeAdded <=threshold,即使在put方法导致扩容也至多有一次:扩容至两倍,那threshold也会变为两倍
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如果numKeysToBeAdded >threshold,如果:targetCapacity>table.length,则在put方法可能会导致resize,否则newCapacity必定大于table.length,在此处resize,put方法就不会resize了