本文详细介绍了如何从Spring 3升级至Spring 4，并指导如何使用Maven Archetype创建项目框架，配置pom.xml引入所需依赖，设置Java版本及文件夹结构。此外，还覆盖了构建配置、数据源注册、web.xml升级、Spring配置文件的调整以及日志配置等方面，最终完成项目构建并部署至JBoss。
面试被问Spring4，它的目的是把过去Spring3所有升级项目Spring4。现在将记录在此环境搭建过程。
第一次使用Maven Archetype创建一个项目框架，运行以下命令：
mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DarchetypeVersion=1.0 -DgroupId={你的groupId} -DartifactId={你的artifactId} -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT完毕后会生成最主要的文件夹结构，和一个包括了JUnit的pom.xml。
这显然是不够的。我们须要自行改动 pom.xml 加入所需依赖：
<properties>
<java-version>1.7</java-version>
<org.aspectj-version>1.7.3</org.aspectj-version>
<spring.version>4.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4jVersion>1.7.7</slf4jVersion>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持文件上传 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JPA -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
<version>2.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySql JDBC Driver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- @Inject -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSON -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.json</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.json-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SLF4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4jVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>然后把 java版本号改为1.7：（Spring4最低要求是1.6）
<build>
<finalName>shop</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>创建例如以下图所看到的的文件夹结构：
以下是各个配置文件的完整内容。
通过 jboss-deployment-structure.xml 命令JBoss不要使用内置的Log系统：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jboss-deployment-structure xmlns="urn:jboss:deployment-structure:1.2">
<deployment>
<exclude-subsystems>
<subsystem name="logging" />
</exclude-subsystems>
</deployment>
</jboss-deployment-structure>
通过 shop-ds.xml 在部署时动态向JBoss注冊数据源：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <datasources xmlns="http://www.jboss.org/ironjacamar/schema"> <datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/shop" enabled="true" use-java-context="true" pool-name="codeschooldb"> <connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shop?
characterEncoding=utf-8</connection-url> <driver-class>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver-class> <driver>mysql</driver> <security> <user-name>root</user-name> <password>111111</password> </security> </datasource> </datasources>
因为我们使用 Servet 3.0。所以web.xml也要对应的升级：
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- spring -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>通过Spring配置文件 servlet-context.xml 配置JPA, Hibernate。数据源JNDI查找等内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure --> <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model --> <annotation-driven /> <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory --> <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" /> <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory --> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </beans:bean> <!-- 容器管理的JPA --> <beans:bean id="emf" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <beans:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <beans:property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaAdapter" /> <beans:property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.fh.shop.model" /> <beans:property name="jpaPropertyMap"> <beans:props> <beans:prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</beans:prop> <beans:prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</beans:prop> <beans:prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</beans:prop> <beans:prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</beans:prop> <!-- 开启L2 cache --> <beans:prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</beans:prop> </beans:props> </beans:property> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="jpaAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <beans:property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> </beans:bean> <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/shop" resource-ref="true" /> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> <!-- 事务 --> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager"> <beans:property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="emf" /> </beans:bean> <!-- 文件上传 --> <beans:bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" > <beans:property name="maxUploadSize" value="100000" /> </beans:bean> <tx:annotation-driven /> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.fh.shop" /> </beans:beans>
src/main/resources/log4j.xml 配置例如以下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD LOG4J 1.2//EN" "log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"> <!-- Appenders --> <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"> <param name="Target" value="System.out" /> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p: %c - %m%n" /> </layout> </appender> <!-- Application Loggers --> <logger name="cn.fh.spring"> <level value="info" /> </logger> <!-- 3rdparty Loggers --> <logger name="org.springframework.core"> <level value="info" /> </logger> <logger name="org.springframework.beans"> <level value="info" /> </logger> <logger name="org.springframework.context"> <level value="info" /> </logger> <logger name="org.springframework.web"> <level value="info" /> </logger> <!-- Root Logger --> <root> <priority value="debug" /> <appender-ref ref="console" /> </root> </log4j:configuration>
至此一切OK。运行 mvn clean install 构建project。将 shop.war 复制到 JBoss 其下部署文件夹。
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