MySQL 5.7.15 新特性一 (json)
更多更浓参考官网
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
一、测试过程
1.创建库表
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create database veh_history;
use veh_history; CREATE TABLE `t_equipment_traffic` (
`id` bigint (20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增主键' ,
`cn` char (17) NOT NULL COMMENT '设备号' ,
`st` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '采集时间' ,
`description` json,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`st`),
KEY `idx_cn_ct` (`cn`),
KEY `idx_st` (`st`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT= '历史数据'
PARTITION BY RANGE (to_days(st))
(PARTITION p201601 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days( '2016-12-01' )),
PARTITION p201612 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days( '2017-01-01' )),
PARTITION p201701 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days( '2017-02-01' )),
PARTITION p201702 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days( '2017-03-01' ))
);
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2.插入json类型测试数据
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insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values ( 'liaoa12345roiland' ,now(),
'{"time":"2015-01-01 13:00:00","speed":"100","result":"fail"}' );
insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values ( 'liaoa12345roiland' ,now(),
'{"time":"2017-01-01 13:00:00","speed":"110","result":"fail"}' );
insert into `t_equipment_traffic` (cn,st,description) values ( 'liaoa12345roiland' ,now(),
'{"time":"2017-01-02 13:00:00","speed":"110","result":"sucessed"}' );
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3.json简单查询方法
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select cn,description from t_equipment_traffic where cn= 'liaoa12345roiland' ;
select * from t_equipment_traffic where description -> '$.time' > '2016-12-31' ;
select cn,json_extract(description, '$.speed' ) AS 'speed' ,json_extract(description, '$.result' ) AS 'result' from t_equipment_traffic;
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4.创建虚拟列
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ALTER TABLE t_equipment_traffic ADD description_speed int (10)
GENERATED ALWAYS AS (description-> '$.speed' ) VIRTUAL;
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5.创建索引
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alter table t_equipment_traffic add index idx_speed (description_speed);
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6.查看执行计划
explain partitions select * from t_equipment_traffic where description_speed=100;
二、小结
1.mysql 5.7 已开始支持json数据类型,存储引擎使用Innodb
2.对于物联网设备上数存储完全可以采用json,大数据量,经常会变更字段的场景十分适合。
3.uuid+json+innodb+partition 解决数据手动同步可能导致的主键冲突,经常字段变更,数据的定期删除。
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本文转自 roidba 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/roidba/1881401,如需转载请自行联系原作者