unix哲学

XXX:

1. Everything （including hardware） is a file（所有的事物（甚至硬件本身）都是一个的文件。）
2. Configuration data stored in text（以文本形式储存配置数据）
3. Small， single-purpose program（程序尽量朝向小而单一的目标设计）
4. Avoid captive user interfaces（尽量避免令人困惑的用户接口）
5. Ability to chain program together to perform complex tasks（将几个程序连结起来，处理大而复杂的工作）

Douglas McIlroy：

1. Write programs that do one thing and do it well。
2. Write programs to work together。
3. Write programs to handle text streams， because that is a universal interface。

《The Art of Unix Programming》：

1. Rule of Modularity: Write simple parts connected by clean interfaces.（模块化准则：编写简单的模块，并用清晰的接口连接它们）。
2. Rule of Clarity:Clarity is better than cleverness.（清晰性准则：清晰胜于机巧）
3. Rule of Composition: Design programs to be connected to other programs.（组合准则：设计可以相互连接的程序）
4. Rule of Separation:Separate policy form mechanism; separate interfaces from engines.（分离准则：策略同机制分离；接口同引擎分离）
5. Rule of Simplicity: Design for simplicity; add complexity only where you must.（简单性准则：设计要简单，必要时才添加复杂性）
6. Rule of Parsimony: Write a big program only when it is clear by demonstration that nothing else will do.（吝啬准则：除非确无它法，不要编写庞大的程序）
7. Rule of Transparency: Design for visibility to make inspection and debug going easier.（透明性准则：设计要直白，使检查和调试更易容）
8. Rules of Robustness:Robustness is the child of transparency and simplicity.（健壮性准则：健壮性源自于透明性与简单性)
9. Rule of Representation:Fold knowledge into data so program logic can be stupid and robust.(表示准则：数据体现知识，让逻辑单纯而健壮）
10. Rule of  Least Surprise:In interface design, always do the least surprising thing.（最小惊奇准则：在接口设计中，避免出乎意料）
11. Rule of Silence: When a program has nothing surprising to say, it should say nothing.（沉默准则：如果程序没有什么好说的，就应该保持沉默）
12. Rule of Repair:When you must fail, fail nosily and as soon as possible.（修复准则：如果注定失败，要尽早，要大声）
13. Rule of Economy:Programmer time is expensive; conserve it in preference to machine time.（经济性准则：和机器的时间比较，程序员的时间是更宝贵的）
14. Rule of Generation:Avoid hand-hacking, write programs to write programs when you can.（生成准则：避免手工编程，如果可能，编写程序去生成程序）
15. Rule of Optimization:Prototype before polishing. Get it working before you optimize it.（优化准则：打磨前先成型，优化前先使它工作）
16. Rule of Diversity:Distrust all claims for "one true way".（多样性准则：不相信“唯一正途”）
17. Rule of Extensibility:Design for the future, because it will be here sooner than you think. （扩展性准则：为未来设计，因为它来的比你想得早）