Oracle dataGuard专题：Rman通过duplicate创建standby

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本文详细介绍了如何利用RMAN工具便捷地创建Oracle备库，包括试验环境搭建、主备库参数配置、RMAN备份操作、备库复制与启动等关键步骤。简化了传统方法中创建备库控制文件的繁琐过程，提高了数据库高可用性方案的实施效率。

rman提供了更便捷的方式来创建standby，方法就是通过duplicate命令，下面做一个详细介绍：

1. 试验环境

[oracle@gaojf orcl]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 6 08:54:45 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL>

2. 确认主库处于归档模式

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode            Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /free/oracle/orabak
Oldest online log sequence     275
Next log sequence to archive   277
Current log sequence           277
SQL>

3：创建备库instance

windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可，我的是linux平台，设置ORACLE_SID即可。

4：准备好备库的参数文件

本次试验在两个系统上建主备库，另外如果主备库都在一起的话，db_name设置为主库名，lock_name_space设置为备库名，同时要注意设置好DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT和LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数。

备库主要的几个参数如下：
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=primary VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRIMARY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM'
*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'
*.FAL_CLIENT='STANDBY'
*.FAL_SERVER='PRIMARY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/free/oracle/orabak'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'

主库几个主要参数如下：

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMAYR,STANDBY)'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='PRIMARY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak'
#*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBYVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM' ＃LGWR方式
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBY DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY ARCH SYNC REOPEN=10' ＃arch方式
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='arc%s%t%r.arc'
*.FAL_SERVER='STANDBY'
*.FAL_CLIENT='PRIMARY'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.standby_archive_dest='/free/oracle/orabak'

5.在备库生成password file

[oracle@gaojfdbs]$Orapwd file=/free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/orapworcl.ora password=orcl entries=5

或者可以直接复制主库密码文件到备库相应的位置也可。

6.配置网络

配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完lisner.ora后注意重启监听。

主库Listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

备库Listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

tnsnames.ora（主备库配置一样）

PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
    )
)

STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = standby)
    )
)

7.利用rman备份主库
注意同时备库控制文件
[oracle@gaojf ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Dec 7 10:10:02 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1132959697)
RMAN> backup full format='/free/oracle/FULL_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile for standby
2> plus archivelog format='/free/oracle/arch_%d_%T_%s';
Starting backup at 07-DEC-06
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2951605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2961605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2971605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2981605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2991605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3001605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3011605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3021605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3031605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3041605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3051605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3061605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3071605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3081605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3091605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3101605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3111605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3121605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3131605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3141605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3151605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3161605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=317 recid=436 stamp=608584285
input archive log thread=1 sequence=318 recid=439 stamp=608585430
input archive log thread=1 sequence=319 recid=441 stamp=608585703
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_56 tag=TAG20061207T193504 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 07-DEC-06

Starting backup at 07-DEC-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf
input datafile fno=00010 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf
input datafile fno=00011 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57 tag=TAG20061207T193507 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including standby control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58 tag=TAG20061207T193507 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 07-DEC-06

Starting backup at 07-DEC-06
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=320 recid=443 stamp=608585946
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59 tag=TAG20061207T193906 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 07-DEC-06

Starting Control File Autobackup at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/orabak/c-1132959697-20061207-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File Autobackup at 07-DEC-06
RMAN>

8：复制 rman全备份到备库
利用操作系统命令scp，或者ftp bin方式复制rman全备份到备库。
由于我rman主库备份时设置备份文件位置为/free/oracle，因此必须把此备份文件也放到备库同样的位置。
同时scp 控制文件standby.ctl到备库相应的位置。

9.启动备库到nomount
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

10.利用rman恢复备库
oracle@linux:/free/oracle/oradata/orcl>
rman target sys/cicro@primary auxiliary /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期五 12月 8 12:09:23 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1132959697)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-12月-06
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn 1607552;
   restore clone standby controlfile;
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 08-12月-06
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58 tag=TAG20061207T193507
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby.ctl
Finished restore at 08-12月-06

sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn 1607552;
   set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile 1 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 2 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 3 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 4 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 5 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 6 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 7 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 8 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 9 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 10 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf";
   set newname for datafile 11 to
"/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf";
   restore
   check readonly
   clone database
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 08-12月-06
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf
restoring datafile 00010 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf
restoring datafile 00011 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57 tag=TAG20061207T193507
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:04:07
Finished restore at 08-12月-06

contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=17 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=18 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=19 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=20 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=21 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=22 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=23 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=24 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=25 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=26 stamp=608645656 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=27 stamp=608645656 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn 1607552;
   recover
   standby
   clone database
    delete archivelog
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 08-12月-06
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=320
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59 tag=TAG20061207T193906
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
archive log filename=/free/oracle/orabak/1_320_605985194.dbf thread=1 sequence=320
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/free/oracle/orabak/1_320_605985194.dbf recid=1 stamp=608645661
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 08-12月-06

11.将备库置于自动恢复状态

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.

12.在主库上执行检查

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME                      STATUS    ERROR
------------------------------        -------- ----------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10            INACTIVE

10 rows selected.

SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected

SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;

SEQUENCE#
----------
1
2
...
321

13.在备库上执行检查

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected

SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;

SEQUENCE#
----------
1
2
...
321

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# APPLIE
---------- ------
320 YES
321 YES
SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS            STATUS
------------------ ------------------------
ARCH               CLOSING
ARCH               CLOSING
RFS                IDLE
MRP0               WAIT_FOR_LOG

至此，备库创建成功。
可以看到，使用rman的duplicate来创建备库，过程简洁了不少，无需在手动创建备库控制文件。

本专题相关链接：

Oracle dataGuard专题：利用冷备创建standby：http://ixdba.blog.51cto.com/2895551/641184

Oracle dataGuard专题：利用rman创建standby：http://ixdba.blog.51cto.com/2895551/642906