聊聊flink Table的Time Attributes

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本文主要研究一下flink Table的Time Attributes

Processing time

通过fromDataStream定义

DataStream<Tuple2<String, String>> stream = ...;

// declare an additional logical field as a processing time attribute
Table table = tEnv.fromDataStream(stream, "Username, Data, UserActionTime.proctime");

WindowedTable windowedTable = table.window(Tumble.over("10.minutes").on("UserActionTime").as("userActionWindow"));
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• 从DataStream创建Table的话，可以在fromDataStream里头进行定义Processing time

通过TableSource定义

// define a table source with a processing attribute
public class UserActionSource implements StreamTableSource<Row>, DefinedProctimeAttribute {

	@Override
	public TypeInformation<Row> getReturnType() {
		String[] names = new String[] {"Username" , "Data"};
		TypeInformation[] types = new TypeInformation[] {Types.STRING(), Types.STRING()};
		return Types.ROW(names, types);
	}

	@Override
	public DataStream<Row> getDataStream(StreamExecutionEnvironment execEnv) {
		// create stream
		DataStream<Row> stream = ...;
		return stream;
	}

	@Override
	public String getProctimeAttribute() {
		// field with this name will be appended as a third field
		return "UserActionTime";
	}
}

// register table source
tEnv.registerTableSource("UserActions", new UserActionSource());

WindowedTable windowedTable = tEnv
	.scan("UserActions")
	.window(Tumble.over("10.minutes").on("UserActionTime").as("userActionWindow"));
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• 通过TableSource创建Table的话，可以通过实现DefinedProctimeAttribute接口来定义Processing time

Event time

通过fromDataStream定义

// Option 1:

// extract timestamp and assign watermarks based on knowledge of the stream
DataStream<Tuple2<String, String>> stream = inputStream.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(...);

// declare an additional logical field as an event time attribute
Table table = tEnv.fromDataStream(stream, "Username, Data, UserActionTime.rowtime");


// Option 2:

// extract timestamp from first field, and assign watermarks based on knowledge of the stream
DataStream<Tuple3<Long, String, String>> stream = inputStream.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(...);

// the first field has been used for timestamp extraction, and is no longer necessary
// replace first field with a logical event time attribute
Table table = tEnv.fromDataStream(stream, "UserActionTime.rowtime, Username, Data");

// Usage:

WindowedTable windowedTable = table.window(Tumble.over("10.minutes").on("UserActionTime").as("userActionWindow"));
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• 从DataStream创建Table的话，可以在fromDataStream里头进行定义Event time；具体有两种方式，一种是额外定义一个字段，一种是覆盖原有的字段

通过TableSource定义

// define a table source with a rowtime attribute
public class UserActionSource implements StreamTableSource<Row>, DefinedRowtimeAttributes {

	@Override
	public TypeInformation<Row> getReturnType() {
		String[] names = new String[] {"Username", "Data", "UserActionTime"};
		TypeInformation[] types =
		    new TypeInformation[] {Types.STRING(), Types.STRING(), Types.LONG()};
		return Types.ROW(names, types);
	}

	@Override
	public DataStream<Row> getDataStream(StreamExecutionEnvironment execEnv) {
		// create stream
		// ...
		// assign watermarks based on the "UserActionTime" attribute
		DataStream<Row> stream = inputStream.assignTimestampsAndWatermarks(...);
		return stream;
	}

	@Override
	public List<RowtimeAttributeDescriptor> getRowtimeAttributeDescriptors() {
		// Mark the "UserActionTime" attribute as event-time attribute.
		// We create one attribute descriptor of "UserActionTime".
		RowtimeAttributeDescriptor rowtimeAttrDescr = new RowtimeAttributeDescriptor(
			"UserActionTime",
			new ExistingField("UserActionTime"),
			new AscendingTimestamps());
		List<RowtimeAttributeDescriptor> listRowtimeAttrDescr = Collections.singletonList(rowtimeAttrDescr);
		return listRowtimeAttrDescr;
	}
}

// register the table source
tEnv.registerTableSource("UserActions", new UserActionSource());

WindowedTable windowedTable = tEnv
	.scan("UserActions")
	.window(Tumble.over("10.minutes").on("UserActionTime").as("userActionWindow"));
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• 通过TableSource创建Table的话，可以通过实现DefinedRowtimeAttributes接口来定义Event time

definedTimeAttributes

flink-table_2.11-1.7.0-sources.jar!/org/apache/flink/table/sources/definedTimeAttributes.scala

/**
  * Extends a [[TableSource]] to specify a processing time attribute.
  */
trait DefinedProctimeAttribute {

  /**
    * Returns the name of a processing time attribute or null if no processing time attribute is
    * present.
    *
    * The referenced attribute must be present in the [[TableSchema]] of the [[TableSource]] and of
    * type [[Types.SQL_TIMESTAMP]].
    */
  @Nullable
  def getProctimeAttribute: String
}

/**
  * Extends a [[TableSource]] to specify rowtime attributes via a
  * [[RowtimeAttributeDescriptor]].
  */
trait DefinedRowtimeAttributes {

  /**
    * Returns a list of [[RowtimeAttributeDescriptor]] for all rowtime attributes of the table.
    *
    * All referenced attributes must be present in the [[TableSchema]] of the [[TableSource]] and of
    * type [[Types.SQL_TIMESTAMP]].
    *
    * @return A list of [[RowtimeAttributeDescriptor]].
    */
  def getRowtimeAttributeDescriptors: util.List[RowtimeAttributeDescriptor]
}

/**
  * Describes a rowtime attribute of a [[TableSource]].
  *
  * @param attributeName The name of the rowtime attribute.
  * @param timestampExtractor The timestamp extractor to derive the values of the attribute.
  * @param watermarkStrategy The watermark strategy associated with the attribute.
  */
class RowtimeAttributeDescriptor(
  val attributeName: String,
  val timestampExtractor: TimestampExtractor,
  val watermarkStrategy: WatermarkStrategy) {

  /** Returns the name of the rowtime attribute. */
  def getAttributeName: String = attributeName

  /** Returns the [[TimestampExtractor]] for the attribute. */
  def getTimestampExtractor: TimestampExtractor = timestampExtractor

  /** Returns the [[WatermarkStrategy]] for the attribute. */
  def getWatermarkStrategy: WatermarkStrategy = watermarkStrategy

  override def equals(other: Any): Boolean = other match {
    case that: RowtimeAttributeDescriptor =>
        Objects.equals(attributeName, that.attributeName) &&
        Objects.equals(timestampExtractor, that.timestampExtractor) &&
        Objects.equals(watermarkStrategy, that.watermarkStrategy)
    case _ => false
  }

  override def hashCode(): Int = {
    Objects.hash(attributeName, timestampExtractor, watermarkStrategy)
  }
}
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• DefinedProctimeAttribute定义了getProctimeAttribute方法，返回String，用于定义Process time的字段名；DefinedRowtimeAttributes定义了getRowtimeAttributeDescriptors方法，返回的是RowtimeAttributeDescriptor的List，RowtimeAttributeDescriptor有3个属性，分别是attributeName、timestampExtractor及watermarkStrategy

小结

• 在从DataStream或者TableSource创建Table时可以指定Time Attributes，指定了之后就可以作为field来使用或者参与time-based的操作
• 针对Processing time，如果从DataStream创建Table的话，可以在fromDataStream里头进行定义；通过TableSource创建Table的话，可以通过实现DefinedProctimeAttribute接口来定义Processing time；DefinedProctimeAttribute定义了getProctimeAttribute方法，返回String，用于定义Process time的字段名
• 针对Event time，如果从DataStream创建Table的话，可以在fromDataStream里头进行定义；具体有两种方式，一种是额外定义一个字段，一种是覆盖原有的字段；通过TableSource创建Table的话，可以通过实现DefinedRowtimeAttributes接口来定义Event time；DefinedRowtimeAttributes定义了getRowtimeAttributeDescriptors方法，返回的是RowtimeAttributeDescriptor的List，RowtimeAttributeDescriptor有3个属性，分别是attributeName、timestampExtractor及watermarkStrategy

doc

• Time Attributes