本章介绍如果通过ssh方式登陆Docker容器的操作记录（其实不太建议直接用ssh去连接上容器的想法，虽然可以，但是有很多弊端，而且docker已经提供了容器内执行的命令，没有必要再折腾每一个容器为sshd服务器。
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启动一个centos容器，然后安装基本的软件[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name sshd centos /bin/bash
a67a5c8ae426a841ad6c6aca6186f7fc585410471a6dfe69a1fc0e28d5a05953[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it sshd /bin/bash
[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# yum install wget vim ntpdate net-tools -y
安装ssh服务端
[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# yum clean all
[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# yum install openssh-server -y
修改容器密码（提前yum -y reinstall cracklib-dicts）[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root
产生公私钥[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:SHA256:tJ01c3RqkgtNijf6D9q6SXZJ9ZFQUvpbrnkCmW55T9Y root@a67a5c8ae426The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+| +o+ .|| . + * + || o = X * || . = * X . || S + .oo .|| o .+ +.|| o =. o. E|| o = o+ o=.|| =o....o+.|+----[SHA256]-----+[root@a67a5c8ae426 /]# cd ~/.ssh/
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]#
执行sshd命令，有报错：[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]#
解决办法：[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key //均是一路回车
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
再次执行sshd命令，如果没有报错，说明可以启动了[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 160/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 160/sshd [root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]#
-----------------------启动ssh，如果报错如下（这是centos7下的一个bug）-------------------------
[root@a67a5c8ae426 .ssh]# systemctl status sshd
Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted解决办法如下：先把上面的容器关闭（docker stop container-id），然后重新启动容器，启动时加上参数--privileged(特权参数，也可以是--privileged=true，如果启动容器中挂载目录没有权限也可以添加此参数)和/sbin/init（代替/bin/bash），如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --privileged --name sshd centos /sbin/init
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES884db829911f centos "/sbin/init" 33 seconds ago Up 31 seconds sshd
[root@docker ~]#
其实命令/sbin/init和/usr/sbin/init运行容器都可以。
[root@docker ~]# ll -ld /sbin/init
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan 30 17:17 /sbin/init -> ../lib/systemd/systemd
[root@docker ~]# ll -ld /usr/sbin/init
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan 30 17:17 /usr/sbin/init -> ../lib/systemd/systemd
[root@docker ~]#
然后按照容器的ID进去，这个时候再根据/bin/bash进入容器（前面加exec -it参数），接着重启ssh服务就ok了
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it sshd /bin/bash
[root@884db829911f /]# yum install wget vim net-tools ntpdate openssh-server -y
[root@884db829911f /]# systemctl restart sshd.service
[root@884db829911f /]# echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root
查看ssh端口，发现22端口已经开启
[root@884db829911f /]# netstat -tnlp|grep sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 220/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 220/sshd [root@884db829911f /]#
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然后docker ps查看下容器，提交更改为新镜像，运行新的镜像
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[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES884db829911f centos "/sbin/init" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes sshd
关闭容器[root@docker ~]# docker stop sshd
sshd接着提交改为新的镜像，提交名为wangssh的镜像（提交成功后，之前创建的容器可以选择删除（docker ps -a 查看）；当然不删除也不影响。建议不要删除，可以再次启用提交新的镜像以便他用。）
[root@docker ~]# docker commit sshd centos7.4-ssh
sha256:e990237344dcb59c45b68fd91e952af6419415d78d0c2ac86fba68c22ff00d6提交成功后，使用docker images可以查看到[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEcentos7.4-ssh latest e990237344dc 31 seconds ago 363MB
centos latest ff426288ea90 3 weeks ago 207MB然后运行新的镜像[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 2022:22 centos7.4-ssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D
7a5441309940af66119989aac03ef79fddd8d145c10fc19a7ec937802b86df29[root@docker ~]#
上面运行命令中的参数解释：-d 后台运行容器-p 容器端口映射到主机[可选]使用docker ps查看运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES7a5441309940 centos7.4-ssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 28 seconds ago Up 26 seconds 0.0.0.0:2022->22/tcp laughing_yonath
此时你可以直接连接容器，也可以通过端口映射连接容器（使用之前创建的容器密码123456登陆）[root@docker ~]# ssh -p2022 root@localhost
The authenticity of host '[localhost]:2022 ([::1]:2022)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is b1:37:95:96:11:1c:60:fd:8c:e2:e7:b3:3a:68:b6:85.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:2022' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@localhost's password: [root@7a5441309940 ~]#
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如果要想做ssh无密码登陆的信任关系，只需要将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里的~/.ssh/authorized_keys即可
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接着上面ID为7a5441309940的容器登陆后的操作：[root@docker ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@docker ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub IP地址
将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里
[root@docker ~]# docker cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 7a5441309940:/root/.ssh/
然后到容器里将id_rsa.pub拷贝为authorized_keys[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 7a5441309940 /bin/bash
[root@7a5441309940 /]# cd ~/.ssh/
[root@7a5441309940 .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
接着提交为新镜像[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES7a5441309940 centos7.4-ssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 40 minutes ago Up 40 minutes 0.0.0.0:2022->22/tcp laughing_yonath
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 7a5441309940
7a5441309940[root@docker ~]# docker commit 7a5441309940 centos7.4-ssh:v1
sha256:80da77f10ad4337dc6f41e84b65d6b2f74370c974bacb819f5c127276075282e[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 2022:22 centos7.4-ssh:v1 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
40501782a73f27eac93fe5f2d3ceac3ff83650c5f3a1cead02d7af6898686cb7最后尝试ssh方式连接容器，发现可以无密码登陆了~
[root@docker ~]# ssh -p2022 root@localhost
Last login: Wed Jan 31 09:13:33 2018 from gateway[root@40501782a73f ~]#
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当登录到容器后，如何可以查看下容器ip
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第一种方式：[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES40501782a73f centos7.4-ssh:v1 "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:2022->22/tcp vigorous_borg
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect 40501782a73f |grep IPAddress
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
[root@docker ~]#
第二种方式：[root@docker ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 40501782a73f
172.17.0.2第三种方式：登陆到容器里使用“yum install net-tools”，安装后就可以使用ifconfig命令查看ip了
当知道了容器的ip后，就可以使用ssh直接连接容器的22端口即可！
[root@docker ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2
Last login: Wed Jan 31 09:21:45 2018 from gateway[root@40501782a73f ~]#
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本文转自 dengaosky 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/dengaosky/2067424，如需转载请自行联系原作者
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