【go网络编程】-HTTP编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 04:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 04:00:00 发布

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000016512042

本文详细介绍如何使用Go语言进行HTTP编程，包括服务器端的处理流程、客户端的GET和POST请求示例，以及如何设置请求头、cookie等高级操作。

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处理流程

Client -> Requests -> [Multiplexer(router) -> handler -> Response -> Client

HTTP服务端

http.HandleFunc("/", indexHandler)
http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8000", nil)
或
server := &Server{Addr: addr, Handler: handler}

server.ListenAndServe()


import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Println("Hello World.")
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello World.\n")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", Hello)
    err := http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:6000", nil)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("http listen failed.")
    }
}

HTTP客户端

GET请求示例

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "log"
    "reflect"
    "bytes"
)

func main() {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://www.baidu.com")
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close() //关闭链接

    headers := resp.Header
    for k, v := range headers {
        fmt.Printf("k=%v, v=%v\n", k, v) //所有头信息
    }
    fmt.Printf("resp status %s,statusCode %d\n", resp.Status, resp.StatusCode)
    fmt.Printf("resp Proto %s\n", resp.Proto)
    fmt.Printf("resp content length %d\n", resp.ContentLength)
    fmt.Printf("resp transfer encoding %v\n", resp.TransferEncoding)
    fmt.Printf("resp Uncompressed %t\n", resp.Uncompressed)
    fmt.Println(reflect.TypeOf(resp.Body))
    buf := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 512))
    length, _ := buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(len(buf.Bytes()))
    fmt.Println(length)
    fmt.Println(string(buf.Bytes()))
}

使用http.Do设置请求头、cookie等

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "strings"
    "io/ioutil"
    "log"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    client := &http.Client{}
    req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "http://www.baidu.com",
        strings.NewReader("name=xxxx&passwd=xxxx"))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8") //设置请求头信息
    resp, err := client.Do(req)
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }
    var res string
    res = string(body[:])
    fmt.Println(res)
}

POST请求示例

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "strings"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {
    resp, err := http.Post("http://www.baidu.com",
        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        strings.NewReader("username=xxx&password=xxxx"))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

PostForm请求示例

package main
import (
    "net/http"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    postParam := url.Values{
        "name":      {"wd"},
        "password": {"1234"},
    }
    resp, err := http.PostForm("https://cn.bing.com/", postParam)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}