《Javascript高级程序设计》读书笔记之继承

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-27 21:30:00 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2021-11-27 21:30:00 发布 · 139 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/GongQi/p/4029678.html

文章标签：

#javascript #ViewUI

本文详细解析了JavaScript中的原型链继承机制，并对比了借用构造函数、组合继承和寄生组合式继承等不同继承模式的特点和应用场景，旨在帮助开发者理解和选择合适的继承方式。

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1.原型链继承

让构造函数的原型对象等于另一个类型的实例，利用原型让一个引用类型继承另一个引用类型的属性和方法

function SuperType()
{
    this.property=true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue=function(){
    return this.property;
};
function SubType()
{
    this.subProperty=false;
}
//继承SuperType
SubType.prototype=new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.getSubValue=function(){
    return this.subProperty;
}

var instance=new SubType();
alert(instance.getSuperValue());//true

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代码示例中，完整原型链如下

原型链继承的问题：父类型引用类型的属性会被所有子类型实例共享，这是不符合预期的

function SuperType()
{
    this.colors=["red","blue","green"];
}

function SubType()
{
}
//继承SuperType
SubType.prototype=new SuperType();

var instance1=new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"

var instance2=new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"

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2.借用构造函数继承

基本思想是在子类型构造函数内部调用超类型构造函数

function SuperType()
{
    this.colors=["red","blue","green"];
}

function SubType()
{
    //继承SuperType
    SuperType.call(this);
}

var instance1=new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"

var instance2=new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"

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借用构造函数可以像超类型构造函数传递参数

function SuperType(name)
{
    this.name=name;
}

function SubType()
{
    //继承SuperType
    SuperType.call(this,"Jim");
    this.age=28;
}

var instance1=new SubType();
alert(instance1.name);//"Jim"
alert(instance1.age);//28

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借用构造函数的问题：不能复用超类型的方法

3.组合继承

使用原型链实现对原型属性和方法的继承，通过借用构造函数实现对实例属性的继承

function SuperType(name)
{
    this.name=name;
    this.colors=["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName=function(){
    alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name,age)
{
    //继承SuperType
    SuperType.call(this,name);
    this.age=age;
}
SubType.prototype=new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.sayAge=function(){
    alert(this.age);
}
var instance1=new SubType("Jim",29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
instance1.sayName();//"Jim"
instance1.sayAge();//29

var instance2=new SubType("Jack",28);
alert(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"
instance2.sayName();//"Jack"
instance2.sayAge();//28

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4.寄生组合式继承

寄生组合式继承，解决了组合继承中，两次调用超类型构造函数的问题

function object(o)
{
    function F(){}
    F.prototype=o;
    return new F();
}
function inheritPrototype(subType,superType)
{
    var prototype =object(superType.prototype);
    prototype.constructor=superType;//原书是prototype.constructor=subType，看书时认为这里应该是superType
    subType.prototype=prototype;
}
function SuperType(name)
{
    this.name=name;
    this.colors=["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName=function(){
    alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name,age)
{
    //继承SuperType
    SuperType.call(this,name);
    this.age=age;
}
inheritPrototype(SubType,SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge=function(){
    alert(this.age);
}
var instance1=new SubType("Jim",29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
instance1.sayName();//"Jim"
instance1.sayAge();//29

var instance2=new SubType("Jack",28);
alert(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"
instance2.sayName();//"Jack"
instance2.sayAge();//28