本文详细介绍了Nginx的安装过程及依赖模块解决办法，包括pcre-devel、zlib-devel、openssl和sha1等模块的安装。并演示了如何配置Nginx实现两个Tomcat实例间的简单负载均衡。
用户：root
Nginx版本：nginx-1.10.0
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解压Nginx安装包
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[root@localhost nginx]# pwd /home/listen/nginx [root@localhost nginx]# ll total 6040 -rw-rw-r--. 1 listen listen 908954 May 3 00:35 nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz [root@localhost nginx]# tar -xvf nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz [root@localhost nginx]# ll total 6040 drwxr-xr-x. 9 listen listen 4096 May 3 00:40 nginx-1.10.0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 listen listen 908954 May 3 00:35 nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz -
编译前检查依赖模块
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结果：[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# pwd /home/listen/nginx/nginx-1.10.0 [root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ll total 680 drwxr-xr-x. 6 listen listen 4096 May 3 00:37 auto -rw-r--r--. 1 listen listen 262619 Apr 26 06:31 CHANGES -rw-r--r--. 1 listen listen 400302 Apr 26 06:31 CHANGES.ru drwxr-xr-x. 2 listen listen 4096 May 3 00:37 conf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 listen listen 2481 Apr 26 06:31 configure drwxr-xr-x. 4 listen listen 68 May 3 00:37 contrib drwxr-xr-x. 2 listen listen 38 May 3 00:37 html -rw-r--r--. 1 listen listen 1397 Apr 26 06:31 LICENSE -rw-rw-r--. 1 listen listen 376 May 3 01:10 Makefile drwxr-xr-x. 2 listen listen 20 May 3 00:37 man drwxrwxr-x. 3 listen listen 4096 May 3 01:12 objs -rw-r--r--. 1 listen listen 49 Apr 26 06:31 README drwxr-xr-x. 9 listen listen 84 May 3 00:37 src [root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure #结果： ./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option. 
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缺少 pcre-devel模块
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#缺少pcre-devel模块，安装 [root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# yum -y install pcre-devel
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再次检查依赖模块
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[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure #结果： ./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.缺少zlib-devel模块
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[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# yum install -y zlib-devel 
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再次检查依赖模块
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[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure [root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure checking for OS + Linux 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found checking for -Wl,-E switch ... found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found checking for C99 variadic macros ... found checking for gcc variadic macros ... found checking for gcc builtin 64 bit byteswap ... found checking for unistd.h ... found checking for inttypes.h ... found checking for limits.h ... found checking for sys/filio.h ... not found checking for sys/param.h ... found checking for sys/mount.h ... found checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found checking for crypt.h ... found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found checking for O_PATH ... found checking for sendfile() ... found checking for sendfile64() ... found checking for sys/prctl.h ... found checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found checking for crypt_r() ... found checking for sys/vfs.h ... found checking for nobody group ... found checking for poll() ... found checking for /dev/poll ... not found checking for kqueue ... not found checking for crypt() ... not found checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found checking for posix_fadvise() ... found checking for O_DIRECT ... found checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found checking for directio() ... not found checking for statfs() ... found checking for statvfs() ... found checking for dlopen() ... not found checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found checking for sched_yield() ... found checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found checking for SO_REUSEPORT ... found checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found checking for IP_RECVDSTADDR ... not found checking for IP_PKTINFO ... found checking for IPV6_RECVPKTINFO ... found checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... not found checking for TCP_INFO ... found checking for accept4() ... found checking for eventfd() ... found checking for int size ... 4 bytes checking for long size ... 8 bytes checking for long long size ... 8 bytes checking for void * size ... 8 bytes checking for uint32_t ... found checking for uint64_t ... found checking for sig_atomic_t ... found checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes checking for socklen_t ... found checking for in_addr_t ... found checking for in_port_t ... found checking for rlim_t ... found checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found checking for system byte ordering ... little endian checking for size_t size ... 8 bytes checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes checking for time_t size ... 8 bytes checking for setproctitle() ... not found checking for pread() ... found checking for pwrite() ... found checking for pwritev() ... found checking for sys_nerr ... found checking for localtime_r() ... found checking for posix_memalign() ... found checking for memalign() ... found checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found checking for System V shared memory ... found checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found checking for getaddrinfo() ... found checking for PCRE library ... found checking for PCRE JIT support ... found checking for md5 in system md library ... not found checking for md5 in system md5 library ... not found checking for md5 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... not found checking for sha1 in system md library ... not found checking for sha1 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... not found checking for zlib library ... found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + OpenSSL library is not used + using builtin md5 code + sha1 library is not found + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" [root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]#缺少openssl 和sha1模块
- 下载openssl-1.0.2g.tar.gz安装包，并解压
- 安装openssl，如果提示权限问题，切换root用户操作即可
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[listen@localhost Downloads]$ tar -xvf openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz [listen@localhost Downloads]$ cd openssl-1.0.2j/ [listen@localhost openssl-1.0.2j]$ ./config [listen@localhost openssl-1.0.2j]$ make & make install making install in engines... make[1]: Entering directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/engines' making install in engines/ccgost... make[2]: Entering directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/engines/ccgost' [ -n "/usr/local/ssl" ] # should be set by top Makefile... if [ -n "" ]; then \ set -e; \ echo installing gost; \ pfx=lib; \ if expr "linux-x86_64" : "Cygwin" >/dev/null; then \ sfx=".so"; \ cp cyggost.dll /usr/local/ssl/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new; \ else \ case "-I../../include -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -Wa,--noexecstack -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -O3 -Wall -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m -DRC4_ASM -DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DBSAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM -DGHASH_ASM -DECP_NISTZ256_ASM" in \ *DSO_BEOS*) sfx=".so";; \ *DSO_DLFCN*) sfx=`expr ".so.1.0.0" : '.*\(\.[a-z][a-z]*\)' \| ".so"`;; \ *DSO_DL*) sfx=".sl";; \ *DSO_WIN32*) sfx="eay32.dll"; pfx=;; \ *) sfx=".bad";; \ esac; \ cp ${pfx}gost$sfx /usr/local/ssl/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new; \ fi; \ chmod 555 /usr/local/ssl/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new; \ mv -f /usr/local/ssl/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx.new /usr/local/ssl/lib/engines/${pfx}gost$sfx; \ fi make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/engines/ccgost' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/engines' making install in apps... make[1]: Entering directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/apps' installing openssl installing CA.sh installing CA.pl installing tsget make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/apps' making install in test... make[1]: Entering directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/test' make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install'. make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/test' making install in tools... make[1]: Entering directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/tools' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/listen/Downloads/openssl-1.0.2j/tools' installing libcrypto.a installing libssl.a cp libcrypto.pc /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig chmod 644 /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig/libcrypto.pc cp libssl.pc /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig chmod 644 /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig/libssl.pc cp openssl.pc /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig chmod 644 /usr/local/ssl/lib/pkgconfig/openssl.pc [1]+ Done make ####测试安装是否成功 [root@localhost openssl-1.0.2j]# openssl OpenSSL> - 安装sha1模块和openssl模块，安装
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[root@localhost nginx]# pwd /home/listen/nginx [root@localhost nginx]# ll total 6040 drwxr-xr-x. 9 listen listen 4096 May 3 00:40 nginx-1.10.0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 listen listen 908954 May 3 00:35 nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 May 3 01:12 openssl-1.0.2g -rw-rw-r--. 1 listen listen 5266102 May 3 00:51 openssl-1.0.2g.tar.gz [root@localhost nginx]# cd nginx-1.10.0/ [root@localhost nginx-1.10.2]# yum -y install perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64 0:2.13-9.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: perl-Digest-SHA1 x86_64 2.13-9.el7 base 50 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 50 k Installed size: 105 k Downloading packages: perl-Digest-SHA1-2.13-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : perl-Digest-SHA1-2.13-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : perl-Digest-SHA1-2.13-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64 0:2.13-9.el7 Complete! [root@localhost nginx-1.10.2]# -
再次检查模块依赖（增加依赖参数）
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[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# ./configure --with-openssl=/home/listen/nginx/openssl-1.0.2g --with-http_ssl_module checking for OS + Linux 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found checking for -Wl,-E switch ... found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found checking for C99 variadic macros ... found checking for gcc variadic macros ... found checking for gcc builtin 64 bit byteswap ... found checking for unistd.h ... found checking for inttypes.h ... found checking for limits.h ... found checking for sys/filio.h ... not found checking for sys/param.h ... found checking for sys/mount.h ... found checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found checking for crypt.h ... found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found checking for O_PATH ... found checking for sendfile() ... found checking for sendfile64() ... found checking for sys/prctl.h ... found checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found checking for crypt_r() ... found checking for sys/vfs.h ... found checking for nobody group ... found checking for poll() ... found checking for /dev/poll ... not found checking for kqueue ... not found checking for crypt() ... not found checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found checking for posix_fadvise() ... found checking for O_DIRECT ... found checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found checking for directio() ... not found checking for statfs() ... found checking for statvfs() ... found checking for dlopen() ... not found checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found checking for sched_yield() ... found checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found checking for SO_REUSEPORT ... found checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found checking for IP_RECVDSTADDR ... not found checking for IP_PKTINFO ... found checking for IPV6_RECVPKTINFO ... found checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... not found checking for TCP_INFO ... found checking for accept4() ... found checking for eventfd() ... found checking for int size ... 4 bytes checking for long size ... 8 bytes checking for long long size ... 8 bytes checking for void * size ... 8 bytes checking for uint32_t ... found checking for uint64_t ... found checking for sig_atomic_t ... found checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes checking for socklen_t ... found checking for in_addr_t ... found checking for in_port_t ... found checking for rlim_t ... found checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found checking for system byte ordering ... little endian checking for size_t size ... 8 bytes checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes checking for time_t size ... 8 bytes checking for setproctitle() ... not found checking for pread() ... found checking for pwrite() ... found checking for pwritev() ... found checking for sys_nerr ... found checking for localtime_r() ... found checking for posix_memalign() ... found checking for memalign() ... found checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found checking for System V shared memory ... found checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found checking for getaddrinfo() ... found checking for PCRE library ... found checking for PCRE JIT support ... found checking for zlib library ... found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using OpenSSL library: /home/listen/nginx/openssl-1.0.2g + md5: using OpenSSL library + sha1: using OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" -
编译&&安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.0]# make && make install - 结果：
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测试简单的负载均衡（2个tomcat）
- 修改Nginx配置文件nginx.conf
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#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; #这个地方要写ip，不要写localhost server localhost:8080; upstream local_tomcat { server 127.0.0.1:8080; server 127.0.0.1:8088; } server { listen 80; #这个地方要写ip，不要写localhost server_name localhost; server_name 127.0.0.1; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http://local_tomcat; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }启动测试
- 启动nginx
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[root@localhost sbin]# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/local/nginx [root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /home/listen/Downloads/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf [root@localhost sbin]# ps aux|grep nginx root 5548 0.0 0.0 23264 852 ? Ss 22:05 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /home/listen/Downloads/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf nobody 5549 0.0 0.1 25800 1620 ? S 22:05 0:00 nginx: worker process root 5551 0.0 0.0 112648 964 pts/0 R+ 22:05 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@localhost sbin]#启动两个tomcat，端口分别为8080,8088
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[root@localhost bin]# ps aux|grep tomcat listen 4971 1.5 6.5 339772 65160 pts/2 Sl 21:39 0:02 /usr/lib/java/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02/endorsed -classpath /home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02 -Dcatalina.home=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-02/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 5127 46.0 5.2 333392 52796 pts/1 Sl 21:41 0:01 /usr/lib/java/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/endorsed -classpath /home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomca-7.0.52 -Dcatalina.home=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/home/listen/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 5146 0.0 0.0 112648 964 pts/1 R+ 21:41 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat [root@localhost bin]# - 访问http://192.168.159.129/test，就可以访问tomcat下的test工程首页，如果想看区别，可以修改tomcat的index.jsp文件不同的内容，就可以看到区别。
- 这个区别是我在两个war包中修改了index.jsp页面的一个为8088，一个为8080的内容
over！
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