linux磁盘分区管理实例,磁盘及文件系统管理应用实例

磁盘及文件系统管理应用实例

1.创建一个10G的分区，并格式化为ext4文件系统

要求其block大小为2048，预留空间百分比为2，卷标为MYDATA，默认挂载属性包含acl

挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳

[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

[root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L MYDATA /dev/sdb1

[root@master ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1

[root@master ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata

2.创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之，写一个脚本

获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备

显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区的相关的空间使用信息

[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2

First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):

Using default value 20973568

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1G

Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

[root@master ~]# mkswap -L SWAP /dev/sdb2

[root@master ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2

#!/bin/bash

#

disks=`fdisk -l|grep -o '^Disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]'|cut -d' ' -f2`

echo $disks

for i in $disks;do

fdisk -l $i

done

3.总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同

RAID(冗余磁盘阵列)是将多块磁盘当做一块物理磁盘来使用，以达到容错或者提高读写性能的优势。按照 组织起来的工作方式的不同，我们可以将RAID分为不同的级别，其中常见的有RAID0、RAID1、RAID5、RAID10

RAID0

俗称条带卷，实现将文件分成多个chunk后同时并行存储到多个盘中。

特性

读写性能得到提升

无冗余能力

最少磁盘数为2

可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数

RAID1

俗称镜像卷，在存储数据的同时需要再复制一份存入另一个磁盘中。

特性

读性能提升，写性能下降

有冗余能力

最少磁盘数为2，偶数

可用空间小于1/2

RAID5

将文件分成多个chunk，两两chunk之间作异或运算，各盘轮流存储校验码

特点

读写性能提升

有冗余能力

最少磁盘数为3

可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*(磁盘数-1)

RAID10

先两两做raid1，后将多组raid1组织成raid0

特点

读写性能提升

有冗余能力

最小磁盘数4

可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数/2

4.创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且chunk大小为128k

[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10G

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2

First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): +10G

Value out of range.

First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568):

Using default value 20973568

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10G

Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3

First sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088):

Using default value 41945088

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10G

Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

[root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -c 128 -x 1 -l 1 -a yes /dev/sdb{1,2,3}

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

5.创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能

“`

[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

All primary partitions are in use

Adding logical partition 5

First sector (62918656-104857599, default 62918656):

Using default value 62918656

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-104857599, default 104857599): +2G

Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n

All primary partitions are in use

Adding logical partition 6

First sector (67115008-104857599, default 67115008):

Using default value 67115008

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (67115008-104857599, default 104857599): +2G

Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): n

All primary partitions are in use

Adding logical partition 7

First sector (71311360-104857599, default 71311360):

Using default value 71311360

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (71311360-104857599, default 104857599): +2G

Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

[root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 -a yes /dev/sdb{5,6,7}

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.

[root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1

[root@master ~]# mkdir /backup

[root@master ~]# mount -o auto /dev/md1 /backup

原创文章，作者：N27_xiaoni，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/84386