共享存储文件系统(NFS)
通常情况下,ORACLE_SID这个环境变量全称Oracle System Identifier,,用于在一台服务器上标识不同的实例,默认情况下,实例名就是ORACLE_SID的值(即INSTANCE_NAME=$ORACLE_SID。当然实例名也可以不同于ORACLE_SID这个环境变量,只要在初始化参数文件里显示指定INSTANCE_NAME参数值不同于ORACLE_SID环境变量的值即可)。在UNIX/Linux平台下,该环境变量主要作用是同ORACLE_HOME这个环境变量做hash运算,得到一个唯一值,用来标识共享内存段,及SGA。下面,摘录一段TOM大师光辉著作《Expert Oracle Database Architecture 》的原文:
If you’re unfamiliar with the term SID or ORACLE_SID, a full definition is called for. The SID is a site identifier . It and ORACLE_HOME (where the Oracle software is installed) are hashed together in UNIX to create a unique key name for attaching an SGA. If your ORACLE_SIDor ORACLE_HOME is not set correctly, you’ll get the ORACLE NOT AVAILABLE error, since you can’t attach to a shared memory segment that is identified by this unique key. On Windows, shared memory isn’t used in the same fashion as UNIX, but