计算机语言学 大三,大三语言学复习整理.docx

大三语言学复习整理

The Definition of LanguageLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication, interaction and cultural transmission.Speech community：Any regionally or socially definable human group identified by a shared linguistic systemSymbol: Any sign, written, spoken or otherwise represented, which stands for something else.Arbitrariness: The lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sound.Cultural transmission: The ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not geneticallyVocal: An adjective of voice or realized in the sounds of speech.The word Language can mean1) A system of communication by written or spoken words, which is used by the people of a particular country or area2) A system of instructions and commands for operating a computer3) A way of expressing meaning or giving information through sounds, signs, movements etc.4) The abilities of using words to communicate5) The kind of words and styles used in one kind of writing or by people in a particular job or activity6) Words that most people think are offensive (rude and swearing words)(a) He helps teachers to understand how children acquire language ?(b) the Chinese language?(c) the language of music (d) How many languages do you speak?? ?(e) You never heard such language!? It was disgusting. ?(f) body language (g) medical language ?(h) the high level languages such as Fortran and Basic? ?(i) James Joyce's languageMake comments on the statement about language1. In Linguistics, ‘language’ only means what a person says or said in a given situation.1.2 The Origin of Language1.2.1 The divine-origin theory Christian: God Egyptians: The God ThothThe Hindus: The God Brahma and Goddess Sarasvati1.2.2 The invention theory The bow-wow theoryThe pooh-pooh theoryThe “yo-he-ho” theory1.2.3 The evolutionary theory1.3 The Design Features of Language1.3.1 Arbitrariness (任意性): There is no logical connection be