本文涵盖了网络设备、IP地址长度、操作系统、数据结构及计算机内存管理等多个基础知识点。介绍了路由器在网络层根据逻辑地址进行数据包路由的功能，阐述了IP地址的32位长度，以及进程状态转换、操作系统的作用。同时，探讨了搜索算法、递归、内存映射I/O、机器语言、软件测试类型以及数据结构如链表和队列的概念。
12. A _____ is a device that can route a packet based on its network layer address which is called logic address.
a. bridge
b. repeater
c. router
d. all of the above
13. The IP address is currently _____ bits in length.
a. 4
b. 8
c. 32
d. any of the above
14. A process in the ready state goes to the running state when _____.
a. it finishes running
b. it enters memory
c. it gets access to the CPU
d. it requests I/O
15. _____ is a program that facilitates the execution of other programs.
a. An operating system
b. Hardware
c. A queue
d. An application program
16. The _____ construct tests a condition.
a. sequence
b. repetition
c. decision
d. logical
17. Use a _____ search for an unordered list.
a. sequential
b. binary
c. bubble
d. insertion
18. Recursion is a process by which an algorithm calls ________.
a. a subalgorithm
b. a search algorithm
c. a sorting algorithm
d. itself
19. A computer uses memory-mapped I/O addressing. The address bus uses 10 lines, if memory is made of 1000 words; ______ four-register controllers can be accessed by this computer.
a. 24
b. 12
c. 6
d. 4
20. Machine language is ________.
a. a variant of BASIC
b. written in Linux
c. the same as assembly language
d. the only language understood by a computer
21. Testing a software package can involve _____ testing.
a. black box
b. white box
c. programmable data processor
d. a and b
22. _____ is an ordered collection of data in which each element contains the location of the next element.
a. A record
b. An array
c. A node
d. A linked list
23. A(n) ______ list is also known as a queue.
a. LIFO
b.FIFO
c. ordered
d.unordered
24. A(n) ______ list is also known as a stack.
a. LIFO
b.FIFO
c. ordered
d.unordered
25. A word is _____ bits.
a. 32
b. 8
c. 16
d. any of the above
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