计算机文献中的经典语录,三分钟搞定科技文献中Affect 和 Effect用法区别

如何在学术写作或科技文献中区辨 affect和 effect？由于affect 和 effect 这两个词，它们都各有名词和动词的形式，且两种词性各有不同的意义。再者，这两个字在拼写上只差一个字母，连发音也很接近，相当容易造成混淆。虽然它们看起来相似，但一旦误用，将完全改变句子的意思。

基本意思

‘Affect’常用作动词。这意味着要影响某事。

例如：

Diet affects a person’s risk of cancer.

Diet 积极影响 a person’s risk of cancer.

‘Effect’是一个名词。它表示结果，即操作的结果。

例如：

An effect of global warming is poorer air quality.

我们正在描述一个动作(global warming)的结果(poorer air quality)。

‘Affect’ 和 ‘Effect’通常可以互换

X has an effect on Y.

X is affected by Y.

这些陈述具有相同的含义。

快速提醒动词时态

请记住，“affect”常作动词使用，而“effect”常用作名词。下表仅适用于“affect”。有关更多信息，请参阅我们之前的文章：科学文献中动词时态的应用。

识别名词的快速方法

请记住，‘effect’作为名词，可能会以定冠词/不定冠词开头，例如‘an effect’, ‘its effect’, ‘the effect’ …等。

替代动词/名词

当你不知道到底该怎么使用这两个单词的时候，使用替代的动词/名词会有所帮助。如果使用替代动词保留了语句的含义，则“affect”是正确的。如果使用替代名词保留了语句的含义，则“effect”是正确的。

科技文献中使用这两个单词的真实示例

Sleep deprivation negatively affects various cognitive performances.The effect of resistance exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is unclear.In this study, we focused on events of severe water limitation that affect ecosystem structure and functioning.The potential difference between the model alloys and aluminum was affected by pH value.We investigated the effects of temperature on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure.Global warming will affect the genetic diversity and uniqueness of Lycaena hellepopulations.All cultivars grown were affected at approximately 5 to 35% symptomatic plants per field.In this study, we examine the factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity.The high molecular weight glutenin subunits were the most affected.Aspirin has shown a protective effect in population-based studies.Naturally occurring VHL mutations have been evaluated to determine their effect on HIF-a ubiquitination.A favorable effect of high intakes of milk and yogurt has been suggested by a hospital-based case-control study.In addition to its effect on p53 checkpoint function, deletion of p14AR7 also affects the expression of p27.

在区辨这两个词的时候，大家可以参考以下这条规则：affect 常作为动词使用，而 effect 则常用作名词。相关搜索动词时态思维导图名词所有格介词不定冠词动词英语定冠词口诀