计算机科学导论10版,计算机科学导论-Chap10-.pdf

Chap 10 Artificial Intelligence

• AI as a terminology, appeared in 1956

• Machines  mimic behavior of humans

– Want machines that communicate with

surroundings via human sensory means &

act intelligently without human intervention

• Goal  machines that “understand”

– Perception

– Reasoning

Chap 10 Artificial Intelligence

• Intelligence and Machines

• Understanding Images

• Reasoning

Intelligence and Machines

Points of view

• Computer scientist  performance oriented

goal: program’s performance

• Psychologist  simulation oriented

goal: understand human intelligence

Intelligence? Room A

Interrogator

o the ability to win

o the ability to be humanlike keyboard

Turning Test Room B

Human Computer

Intelligence and Machines

The Loebner Prize • A contest to see if a

computer program can

pass a Turing Test

• Group of experts questions

the several computer

entrants

• /Pri

zef/loebner-prize.html

• Since 1990, at Cambridge

Center for Behavioral

Studies

Intelligence and Machines

DOCTOR / ELIZA – “psychologist”

Joseph Weizenbaum is Professor of LCS, MIT. In 1966, he published a

program called ELIZA which demonstrated natural language processing by

engaging humans int