转自老白的<oracle rac 日记>一书, dump systemstate产生的跟踪文件包含了系统中所有进程的进程状态等信息。每个进程对应跟踪文件中的一段内容,反映该进程的状态信息,包括进程信息,会话信息,enqueues信息(主要是lock的信息),缓冲区的信息和该进程在SGA区中持有的(held)对象的状态等信息。dump systemstate产生的跟踪文件是从dump那一刻开始到dump任务完成之间一段事件内的系统内所有进程的信息。 那么通常在什么情况下使用systemstate比较合适呢? Oracle推荐的使用systemstate事件的几种情况是: 数据库hang住了 数据库很慢 进程正在hang 数据库出现某些错误 资源争用 dump systemstate的语法为: ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS 'immediate trace name systemstate level 10'; 也可以使用ORADEBUG实现这个功能: sqlplus -prelim / as sysdba oradebug setmypid oradebug unlimit; oradebug dump systemstate 10 如果希望在数据库发生某种错误时调用systemstate事件,可以在参数文件(spfile或者pfile)中设置event参数, 例如,当系统发生死锁(出现ORA-00060错误)时dump systemstate: event = "60 trace name systemstate level 10" LEVEL参数: 10 Dump all processes (IGN state) 5 Level 4 + Dump all processes involved in wait chains (NLEAF state) 4 Level 3 + Dump leaf nodes (blockers) in wait chains (LEAF,LEAF_NW,IGN_DMP state) 3 Level 2 + Dump only processes thought to be in a hang (IN_HANG state) 1-2 Only HANGANALYZE output, no process dump at all 如果Level过大的话会产生大量的跟踪文件并影响系统的I/O性能,建议不要采用3级以上的跟踪。Hanganalyze报告会分作许多片断,会话片断信息总是由一个header详尽描述被提取的的会话信息。 一般来说,一份systemstate dump中包含了以下内容: dump header文件头 process dump dump时所有的process的dump信息,每个process一个专门的章节。 call dump在process dump中,包含call dump session dump每个process中,都有1个或多个(MTS时)session dump enqueue dump buffer dump在session dump中可能包含buffer dump 在阅读systemstate dump时,一般首先使用ASS工具来进行分析。ASS是oracle工程师编写的一个AWK脚本,用于分析systemstate dump文件,找出dump中可能存在问题的地方。通过ASS的输出结果,我们就可以发现一些blocker的线索,这些线索就是我们重点要查看的地方。 我们可以通过搜索SO的地址信息来定位某个SO,找到后分析这个SO的信息,并且通过PARENT SO的地址找到其PARENT,建立这些SO的关系图。比如我们找到一个SESSION的SO,就可以看看这个session属于哪个process,这个session正在执行的sql是什么,等等。通过这种分析,就把可能存在问题的SO及关联的SO全部找出来,这样就为进一步分析提供了素材。
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、标准的state object header(SO) state object header中包含了一些基本的信息,比如: SO: c00004ti4jierj, type: 2. owner: 0000000000, flag: init/-/-/0x00 其中SO是state object的号码; type表示state object的类别; TYPE: state object的已知类别: 2 process(进程) 3 call 4 session(会话信息) 5 enqueue(锁信息) 6 file infomation block(文件信息块,每个FIB标识一个文件) 11 broadcast handle(广播消息句柄) 12 KSV slave class state 13 ksvslvm 16 osp req holder(会话执行os操作的holder) 18 enqueue resource detail(锁资源详细资料) 19 ges message(ges消息) 20 namespace [ksxp] key 24 buffer [db buffer] 36 dml lock 37 temp table lock(临时表锁) 39 list of blocks(用于block cleanout的块列表清单) 40 transaction(事务) 41 dummy 44 sort segment handle(排序段句柄) 50 row cache enqueue 52 user lock 53 library cache lock 54 library cache pin 55 library cache load lock 59 cursor enqueue 61 process queue 62 queue reference 75 queue monitor sob owner是这个SO的父节点(如果为0,说明是最顶层的SO);flag表示状态,值有以下三种: kssoinit;state object被初始化了 kssoflst;state object在freelist上 kssofcln;state object已经被pmon释放了。 State object header的数据结构如下: struct kssob { unsigned char kssobtyp; /* state object的类别*/ unsigned char kssobflg; /* flags */ unsigned char kssobdelstage; struct kssob * kssobown; /*拥有者的SO指针*/ kgglk kssoblnk; /*在父对象成员链中的指针*/ }
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、processstate dump(ksupr) processstate dump转储了进程的状态,从这些信息中我们可以了解进程的基本属性以及进程的状态。 在阅读processstate dump时,我们主要关注的进程的标识(FLAG),从中也可以知道进程的类别。从"(latch info)"中可以看到进程等待latch的情况,这也有助于了解进程故障的原因。另外,进程的OS信息对于进一步了解进程情况也是很有帮助的。

实际上,x$ksupr包含了进程的信息,通过该内存视图可以更进一步了解processstate dump的内容。 ADDR 地址 INDX 序号 INST_ID实例ID KSSPAFLG state object的状态: KSSOINIT 0x01 // state object initialized KSSOFLST 0x02 // state object is on free list KSSOFCLN 0x04 // state object freed by PMON(for debugging) KSSPAOWN 该SO的OWNER,如果自己是顶层的SO,那么owner为0 KSUPRFLG 该process的状态: KSUPDEAD 0x01 process is dead and should be cleaned up KSUPDSYS 0x02 detached,system process KSUPDFAT 0x04 detached,fatal(system) process KSUPDCLN 0x08 process is cleanup(pmon) KSUPDSMN 0x10 process is smon KSUPDPSU 0x20 pseudo process KSUPDMSS 0x40 muti-stated server KSUPDDPC 0x80 dispatcher process KSUPRSER 进程的序号(SERIAL NO) KSUPRIOC KSLLALAQ 持有的latch KSLLAWAT 正在等待的latch KSLLAWHY latch请求的上下文(用于debug) KSLLAWER latch请求的位置(用于debug) KSLLASPN 本进程正在spin的latch KSLLALOW 所持有latch级别的位图(0~9级) KSLLAPSC 进程发出的POST消息的计数 KSLLAPRC 进程收到的POST消息的计数 KSLLAPRV 收到的最后一个POST的LOC ID,参考图中的① KSLLAPSN 最后一个发送POST的LOC ID,参考图中的② KSLLID1R RESOURCE ID的第一部分 KSLLID2R RESOURCE ID的第二部分 KSLLRTYP RESOURCE TYPE+RESOURCE FLAG KSLLRMTY RESOURCE MANAGE的类型: KRMENQ 0x01 enqueues KRMLATCH 0x02 latches KRMLIBCALK 0x03 library cache locks KRMBUFLK 0x04 buffer locks KSLLARPO 最后一个发送消息给这个进程的OS进程 KSLLASPO 这个进程最后一个发送信息过去的OS进程 KSUPRPID OS进程号 KSUPRWID 等待事件的ID KSUPRUNM OS用户名 KSUPRMNM 用户的机器名 KSUPRPNM 用户程序名 KSUPRTID 用户终端名 KSSRCOBJ STATE OBJECT RECOVERY数据中的正在被操作的对象 KSSRCFRE STATE OBJECT RECOVERY数据中的FREELIST的地址 KSSRCSRC STATE OBJECT RECOVERY数据中的SOURCE PARENT KSSRCDST STATE OBJECT RECOVERY数据中的DESTINATION PARENT KSASTQNX MESSAGE STATE中的前向指针 KSASTQPR MESSAGE STATE中的后向指针 KSASTRPL MESSAGE STATE中的REPLY VALUE KSUPRPGP PROCESS GROUP的名字 KSUPRTFI 进程的trace文件名 KSUPRPUM PGA使用的内存 KSUPRPNAM KSUPRPNAM+KSUPRPRAM是pga分配内存的总和 KSUPRPRAM KSUPRPFM pga可释放的内存 KSUPRPMM pga使用的最大内存
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、session state object 会话信息中包含了大量我们所需要的信息,一般来说会话状态块是我们分析会话情况的重点。

在会话状态信息中,flag是十分重要的,我们可以从flag中了解会话目前的情况,以及flag位图的详细信息。该会话正在执行的sql和pl/sql的SO地址可以让我们找到当前会话正在做的工作,有助于进一步 分析。另外,会话的等待事件和历史等待事件可以让用户了解会话在现在和过去一段时间里等待的情况,如果要分析会话故障原因的话,这些资料都是十分重要的。 flag的位图如下: KSUSFUSR 0x00000001 user session (as opposed to recursive session) KSUSFREC 0x00000002 recursive session(always internal) KSUSFAUD 0x00000004 audit logon/logoff,used by cleanup KSUSFDCO 0x00000008 disable commit/rollback from plsql KSUSFSYS 0x00000010 user session created by system processes KSUSFSGA 0x00000020 whether UGA is allocate in sga KSUSFLOG 0x00000040 whether user session logs on to ORACLE KSUSFMSS 0x00000080 user session created by multi-stated server KSUSFDIT 0x00000100 disable (defer) interrupt KSUSFCLC 0x00000200 counted for current license count decrement KSUSFDET 0x00000400 session has been detached KSUSFFEX 0x00000800 “forced exit”during shutdown normal KSUSFCAC 0x00001000 (cloned) session is cached KSUSFILS 0x00002000 default tx isolation level is serializable KSUSFOIL 0x00004000 override serializable for READ COMMITTED KSUSFIDL 0x00008000 idle session scheduler KSUSFSKP 0x00010000 SKIP unusable indexes maintenance KSUSFCDF 0x00020000 defer all deferrable constraint by default KSUSFCND 0x00040000 deferable constraints are immediate KSUSFIDT 0x00080000 session to be implicitly detached KSUSFTLA 0x00100000 transaction audit logged KSUSFJQR 0x00200000 recource checking in job q process enabled KSUSFMGS 0x00400000 session is migratable KSUSFGOD 0x00800000 migratable session need to get ownership id KSUSFSDS 0x01000000 suppress/enable TDSCN computations KSUSFMSP 0x02000000 parent of migratable session KSUSFMVC 0x04000000 MV container update progress KSUSFNAS 0x08000000 an NLS alter session call was done KSUSFTRU 0x10000000 a trusted callout was performed KSUSFHOA 0x20000000 an HO agent was called KSUSFSTZ 0x40000000 an alter session set time_zone was done KSUSFSRF 0x80000000 summary refresh
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、call state object Call state object是针对一个call的,我们查看call state object的时候一定要注意depth值,以此判断该call是用户调用还是递归调用。
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、enqueue state object 从enqueue state object中,我们主要可以查看锁的类型、锁的模式以及flag。
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、transaction dump Transaction dump对应的oracle内存结构是KTCXB,可以通过X$KTCXB来了解更详细的情况。 flag的描述如下(资料来源早期版本,针对10g可能略有不同): 1 allocated but no transaction 2 transaction active 4 state object no longer valid 8 transaction about to commit/abort 10 space management transaction 20 recursive transaction 40 no undo logging 80 no change/commit,must rollback 100 use system undo segment (0) 200 valid undo segment assigned 400 undo seg assigned,lock acquired 800 change may have been made 1000 assigned undo seg 2000 required lock in cleanup 4000 is a pseudo space extent 8000 save the tx table & tx ctl block 10000 no read-only optimize for 2pc 20000 multiple sess attached to this tx 40000 commit scn future set 80000 dependent scn future set 100000 dist call failed,force rollback 200000 remote uncoordinated ddl tx 400000 coordinated global tx 800000 pdml transaction 1000000 next must be commit or rollback 2000000 coordinator in pdml 4000000 disable block level recovery 8000000 library and/or row caches dirty 10000000 serializable transaction 20000000 waiting for unbound transaction 40000000 loosely coupled transaction branch 80000000 long-running transaction flag2的描述如下(资料来源早期版本,针对10g可能略有不同): 1 tx needs refresh on commit 2 delete performed in tx 4 concurrency check enabled 8 insert performed 10 dir path insert performed 20 fast rollback on net disconnect 40 do not commit this tx 80 this tx made remote change 100 all read-only optim enabled 事务环境的结构如下: Struct ktcev { kenv ktcevenv; kuba UBA的高水位; kuba ktcevucl; sb2 在undo高水位块中的剩余空间; kcbds undo block的描述; kdbafr undo段头的DBA地址; kturt * 指向undo seg的KTURT结构; }
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、library object lock/handle library object lock如下:

Flags的描述如下: KGLLKBRO 0x0100 this lock is broken KGLLKCBB 0x0200 this lock can be broken KGLLKPNC 0x0400 “kgllkpnc” is a valid pin for the call KGLLKPNS 0x0800 “kgllkpns” is a valid pin for the session KGLLKCGA 0x1000 this lock is in CGA memory KGLLKINH 0x2000 the instance lock is inherited KGLLKLRU 0x4000 lock protects an object on the session cache lru KGLLKKPC 0x8000 lock protects an object in the session keep cache KGLLKRES 0x0010 reserved lock preventing handle from being freed KGLLKCBK 0x0020 need to callback the client for delete/dump 作为library object的主体,handle的信息如图:

其中namespace的取值包括: CRSR cursor TABL table/view/sequence/synonym BODY body(e.g.,package body) TRGR trigger INDX index CLST cluster KGLT internal KGL testing PIPE pipe LOB lob DIR directory QUEU queue OBJG replication object group PROP replication propagator JVSC java source JVRE java resource ROBJ reserved for server-side RepAPI REIP replication internal package CPOB context policy object EVNT pub_sud internal information SUMM summary DIMN dimension CTX app context OUTL stored outlines TULS ruleset objects RMGR resource manager XDBS xdb schema PPLN pending scheduler plan PCLS pending scheduler class SUBS subscription information LOCS location information RMOB remote objects info RSMD RepAPI snapshot metadata JVSD java shared data STFG file group TRANS transformation RELC replication – log based child STRM stream:capture process in log-based replication REVC rule evaluation context STAP stream:apply process in log-based replication RELS source inlog-based replication RELD destination in log-based replication IFSD IFS schema XDBC XDB configuration management USAG user agent mapping VOMDTABL multi-versioned object for table JSQI scheduler-event queue info object CDCS change set VOMDINDX multi-versioned object for index STBO sql tuing base object HTSP hintset object JSGA scheduler global attributes JSET scheduler start time namespace TABL_T temporary table CLST_T temporary cluster INDX_Ttemporary index SCPD sratch pad JSLV scheduler job slave MODL mining models 状态标志位的取值: EXS existent NEX no-existent LOC CRT being created ALT being altered DRP being dropped PRG being purged UPD being uodated RIV marked for rolling invalidation NRC don’t recover when an exclusive pin fails UDP dep being updated BOW bad owner of database link MEM has frame memory associated with heap 0 REA protected with read-only access at least once NOA protected with no access at least once 通过对library cache object/handle的分析,可以找到相关的sql以及cursor的状态。