Generate Parentheses

本文介绍了如何通过递归算法生成所有正确匹配的括号组合。给出了一种有效的递归解决方案,并详细解释了其实现过程。

problem:

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

给定一个数字,输出正确匹配括号的所有组合

For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:

[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

算法一:可以根据之前括号匹配的算法,把括号所有出现的可能进行一个全排列后,进行一个筛选,比较麻烦,但是可以解决

算法二:我们知道输入的n为左括号和右括号的个数,必定先有左括号再有右括号,那么我们可以根据这个进行递归计算

假设我们输入n,那么左括号个数 left = n,右括号个数right = n

先有左侧括号,才可以有右侧括号,因此

我们先为空字符串s添加一个左侧括号,然后让left = left-1

如果right<left说明,缺少右侧括号,那么我们再向s中加入右侧括号

当right == 0 and left ==0,说明没有多余的括号可以使用了

那么我们将此时的s加入到列表中

代码如下:

 1 lass Solution(object):
 2     def generateParenthesis(self, n):
 3         """
 4         :type n: int
 5         :rtype: List[str]
 6         """
 7         ans = []
 8         self.partten(ans,'',n,n)
 9         return ans
10     def partten(self,ans,s,right,lift):
11         if(right==0 and lift==0):
12             ans.append(s)
13             return
14         if(lift>0):
15             self.partten(ans,s+'(',right,lift-1)
16         if(right>lift):
17             self.partten(ans,s+')',right-1,lift)

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/fzy0331-leetcodestudy/p/8399313.html

#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** * @brief Backtracking algorithms * @namespace backtracking */ namespace backtracking { /** * @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vector<std::string> res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vector<std::string> generate(int n); }; /** * @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. * * @param str string build during backtracking * @param n number of pairs of parentheses * @param closed number of closed parentheses * @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** * @brief wrapper interface * * @param n number of pairs of parentheses * @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vector<std::string> generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = "("; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** * @brief Self-test implementations * @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vector<std::string> patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{"()"}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{"()()()"}, {"()(())"}, {"(())()"}, {"(()())"}, {"((()))"}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{"()()()()"}, {"()()(())"}, {"()(())()"}, {"()(()())"}, {"()((()))"}, {"(())()()"}, {"(())(())"}, {"(()())()"}, {"(()()())"}, {"(()(()))"}, {"((()))()"}, {"((())())"}, {"((()()))"}, {"(((())))"}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << "All tests passed\n"; } /** * @brief Main function * @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 解释一下这段代码?
03-08
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