同步互斥阻塞(1) --- 同步互斥阻塞按键驱动 (互斥访问)

于 2016-11-14 17:09:00 发布
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/tureno/articles/6062538.html
本文介绍了一种按键驱动的设计方案，该方案利用原子操作和信号量实现设备的互斥访问，确保同一时刻只有一个进程能够使用设备。此外，还讨论了阻塞与非阻塞操作的区别及其应用场景。

有异步通知功能的按键驱动，目标是，按下按键时，驱动主动去通知应用程序。是不是感觉驱动已经比较完善了，好像已经是完美无缺了？是不是这样呢？好像不是呢，有没有这么一种情况，多个进程想同时使用驱动的设备节点？在多线的环境下，分分钟可能会发生这种情况。

上一节文章链接：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lwj103862095/article/details/17538349

实现同一时刻只能有一个进程使用同一个设备，例如：只能有一个进程，在同一时刻里使用/dev/buttons这个设备。

一、同步互斥阻塞

1. 原子操作
原子操作指的是在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作。
常用原子操作函数举例：
atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量v并初始化为1
atomic_read(atomic_t *v);        //返回原子变量的值
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量增加1
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量减少1
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0，为0则返回true，否则返回false。

2. 信号量
信号量（semaphore）是用于保护临界区的一种常用方法，只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量时，进程进入休眠等待状态。

定义信号量
struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量
void sema_init (struct semaphore *sem, int val);

下面两个函数 在linux2.6.38以后已被移除。
//void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem); 

//DECLARE_MUTEX(name); //定义一个信号量name，并初始化它的值为1。   

其中DECLARE_MUTEX(name);被DEFINE_SEMAPHORE替代，为避免与DEFINE_MUTEX 互斥锁相近引起开发者误解。

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/mcgrady_tracy/article/details/34829019

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/kangear/article/details/40990497


获得信号量
void down(struct semaphore * sem);
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem);  //可中断
int down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem);
释放信号量
void up(struct semaphore * sem);

3. 阻塞
阻塞操作    
是指在执行设备操作时若不能获得资源则挂起进程，直到满足可操作的条件后再进行操作。
被挂起的进程进入休眠状态，被从调度器的运行队列移走，直到等待的条件被满足。

非阻塞操作  
进程在不能进行设备操作时并不挂起，它或者放弃，或者不停地查询，直至可以进行操作为止。
默认阻塞，设置非阻塞：
fd = open("...", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK); 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

二、原子操作

1.

复制代码 
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *fifthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

/*定义并初始化等待队列头*/
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，fifth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量并初始化为1

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

staticint fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{

    if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen)) //减1后不等于0则返回false
    {
        atomic_inc(&canopen); //自加1
        return -EBUSY;
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    /*释放原子变量，即加1，因为open的时候有减1测试操作*/
    atomic_inc(&canopen);

    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

staticint fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  fifth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    fifth_drv_read,       
    .release =  fifth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  fifth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  fifth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
staticint fifth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");

    fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
    gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

    gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
    gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

staticvoid fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
    iounmap(gpfcon);
    iounmap(gpgcon);
    return 0;
}


module_init(fifth_drv_init);

module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
复制代码

2.测试程序

复制代码 
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;

    signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can't open!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
    
    Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
    
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);


    while (1)
    {
        sleep(1000);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
复制代码

测试步骤：

insmod key_interrupt_atomic.ko

./test_atomic &

./test_atomic

can't open!

第二次运行测试程序打开失败。

 

 
 
 
 
 
三、信号量和阻塞
 
 
1.
 
 
 
  
 
   复制代码 
  
 
  
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *sixthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

/*定义并初始化等待队列头*/
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

/*定义一个信号量并初始化为1*/
staticDEFINE_SEMAPHORE(button_lock);     

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

staticint sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
       
    /*非阻塞*/
    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (down_trylock(&button_lock)) //获取信号量，失败返回非0
            return -EBUSY;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 获取信号量 */
        //如果无法获取信号量，则会休眠
        down(&button_lock);
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;
    /*当没有按键按下时，休眠。      * 即ev_press = 0;      * 当有按键按下时，发生中断，在中断处理函数会唤醒      * 即ev_press = 1;      * 唤醒后，接着继续将数据通过copy_to_user函数传递给应用程序      */
    /*非阻塞*/
    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (!ev_press) //没有按键按下直接返回
            return -EAGAIN;
    }
    //阻塞
    else
    {
        /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
        wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
    }

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
 
  
    /* 将ev_press清零 */
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //atomic_inc(&canopen);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    /*释放互斥信号量*/
    up(&button_lock);

    return 0;
}

static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

staticint sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  sixth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    sixth_drv_read,       
    .release =  sixth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  sixth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  sixth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
staticint sixth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");

    sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
    gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

    gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
    gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

staticvoid sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
    iounmap(gpfcon);
    iounmap(gpgcon);
    return 0;
}


module_init(sixth_drv_init);

module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
  
 
   复制代码 
  
 
 
 
 
2.测试程序
 
 
 
  
 
   复制代码 
  
 
  
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


/* sixthdrvtest 
  */
int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
  //  fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);//默认阻塞
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can't open!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
        printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
        sleep(5);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
 
  
 
  
信号量互斥（阻塞时）测试结果：
 
  
./test_signal_block & 
 
  
 ./test_signal_block & 
 
  
root@freescale /opt$ busybox ps   PID USER       VSZ STAT COMMAND     1 root      2188 S    init     2 root         0 SW   [kthreadd] 
 
  
2580 root      2368 S    -sh  2590 root      1460 S    ./test_signal_block  2591 root      1460 D    ./test_signal_block 
 
  
 
  
由上面的测试结果可知：当多次执行./test_signal_block &时，进程2590的状态为S即睡眠状态（阻塞状态时未按下按键时休眠），2591的状态为D即僵死状态(无法获取信号量休眠),只有杀死2590，2591才能变成S.
 
  
 
  
非阻塞测试结果(与信号量无关)：
 
  
key_val: 0x0, ret = -1
key_val: 0x0, ret = -1
key_val: 0x0, ret = -1
key_val: 0x0, ret = -1
key_val: 0x0, ret = -1

 
  
未按下按键5s打印获取一次，结果是直接返回的
 
 
 
 
字符设备驱动笔记——同步互斥阻塞（九）
 
 
 
  
 
   
一、同步互斥阻塞
 
   
1. 原子操作
原子操作指的是在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作。
常用原子操作函数举例：
atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(0);     //定义原子变量v并初始化为0
atomic_read(atomic_t *v);        //返回原子变量的值
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量增加1
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量减少1
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0，为0则返回true，否则返回false。

2. 信号量
信号量（semaphore）是用于保护临界区的一种常用方法，只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量时，进程进入休眠等待状态。

定义信号量
struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量
void sema_init (struct semaphore *sem, int val);
void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem);//初始化为0

static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁

获得信号量
void down(struct semaphore * sem);
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem); 
int down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem);
释放信号量
void up(struct semaphore * sem);

3. 阻塞
阻塞操作    
是指在执行设备操作时若不能获得资源则挂起进程，直到满足可操作的条件后再进行操作。
被挂起的进程进入休眠状态，被从调度器的运行队列移走，直到等待的条件被满足。

非阻塞操作  
进程在不能进行设备操作时并不挂起，它或者放弃，或者不停地查询，直至可以进行操作为止。
默认阻塞
fd = open("...", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK); 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
   
二、原子操作
 
   
1.
 
   
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
    
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *fifthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;


static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，fifth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量并初始化为1

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{

    if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
    {
        atomic_inc(&canopen);
        return -EBUSY;
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //释放掉
    atomic_inc(&canopen);

    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  fifth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    fifth_drv_read,       
    .release =  fifth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  fifth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  fifth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");

    fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
    gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

    gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
    gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
    iounmap(gpfcon);
    iounmap(gpgcon);
    return 0;
}


module_init(fifth_drv_init);

module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
   
 
   
2.测试程序
 
   
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
    
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;

    signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can't open!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
    
    Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
    
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);


    while (1)
    {
        sleep(1000);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
   
 
   
三、信号量和阻塞
 
   
1.
 
   
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
    
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *sixthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;


static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};


static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
       
    //如果非阻塞
    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
            return -EBUSY;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 获取信号量 */
        //如果无法获取信号量，则会休眠
        down(&button_lock);
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    //非阻塞
    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (!ev_press)
            return -EAGAIN;
    }
    //阻塞
    else
    {
        /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
        wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
    }

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //atomic_inc(&canopen);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
 //释放
    up(&button_lock);
return 0;
}

static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  sixth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    sixth_drv_read,       
    .release =  sixth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  sixth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  sixth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");

    sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
    gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

    gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
    gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

    return 0;
}

static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
    iounmap(gpfcon);
    iounmap(gpgcon);
    return 0;
}


module_init(sixth_drv_init);

module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
   
 
   
2.测试程序
 
   
 
    
 
     复制代码 
    
 
    
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


/* sixthdrvtest 
  */
int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
//    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);//默认阻塞
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can't open!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
        printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
        sleep(5);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
 
   
 
  
 
 
 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tureno/articles/6062538.html

                

        




    

    
  



    



            

  



          




        



    





    



      

      

        
      

      





	

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