Details about HTTP

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/ppcoder/p/7183329.html

本文详细解析了HTTP1.0与1.1的主要区别，包括连接管理方式的不同，请求与响应的组成元素，并介绍了如何使用telnet命令进行验证。此外，还对比了GET与POST方法在数据提交上的差异。

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HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is managed by W3C institute. There are two versions 1.0 and 1.1. The version 1.1 is used widely.

But what's the difference of the two versions?

　　Version 1.0 : the request sended to the server and the response back to the client then the connection will be closed immediately.

　　Version 1.1 : the connection could be used many times.

How to prove the difference? Use the telnet command in cmd.

The http request and http response are two main parts.

Request:

　　GET /myapp/1.html HTTP/1.1 -----> the submit method ; the source's path ; the http's version

　　Host: localhost:8080　　　　　　　 -----> the host's address include the host's name and the port

　　Connection: keep-alive　　　　　　 ------> the connection status

　　Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 ------>

　　User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36

　　Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 -----> the accepted MIME type , we can search the name via web.xml

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　which has the tag :

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<mime-mapping>

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　</mime-mapping>

　　Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br -----> tell the server the browser support which kind of encoding type.

　　Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 -----> the language browser could use.The header's value could be set in the browser's setting . "q=0.8" represents the 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 using frequncy of the language.The accept-language could support different accept-charset.

　　Referer:http://localhost:8080/myapp/2.html -----> Include an URL and user accesses the page via the URL.Referer could be used to count the flow.

　　-----> there should reserve a blank row

Response:

　　HTTP/1.1 200 OK　　　　　　　　　　 -----> the http version ; the status code(200:normal 302:foward 404:resource not found 500:server error) ;

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the connecting status

　　Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1　　　　　 ----->

　　Accept-Ranges: bytes

　　ETag: W/"43-1499953570000"

　　Last-Modified: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 13:46:10 GMT

　　Content-Type: text/html 　　　　　-----> the MIME type which the server send to the client.　　

　　Content-Length: 43　　　　　　　 -----> tell the client the text's length　

　　Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2017 14:52:58 GMT

　　Refresh:1 　　　　　　　　 -----> refresh the page per sceond.

　　Location:http://www.it315org/index.jsp -----> forward to the new resource location.

　　Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=aaa.zip -----> indicate the client to download the file.

　　Set-Cookie:SS=Q0=5Lb_nQ;path=/search

　　Expires:-1 -----> the value=-1 means the page's cache will be destroied immediately.

　　Cache-Control:no-cache(1.1)　　-----> the page's cache will not exist.

　　Pragma:no-cache(1.0)

　　Connection:close/Keep-alive

　　-----> there should reserve a blank row　

　　<body>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　----
　　　　<h1>Hello JavaWeb!</h1>　　　　　　　| ----> this is the response's entity content
　　</body>　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ----　

The GET method to submit data , the data will be put in the url address and start with "?" followed with the data and the data's value.

While the POST method to submit the data , the data will be put in the request enetity and the data's capacity is unlimited.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ppcoder/p/7183329.html