Tree Restoration Gym - 101755F (并查集）-优快云博客

本文深入探讨了如何从给定的顶点集合及其后代信息中重构一棵树的问题，包括检查环的存在、确保单一树结构、避免自引用以及保证数据完整性等关键步骤。通过详细解析算法流程，提供了一种有效的方法来验证和构建树形结构。

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There is a tree of n vertices. For each vertex a list of all its successors is known (not only direct ones). It is required to restore the tree or to say there is no such tree.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of vertices in the tree.

Each of the next n lines contains an integer c_i (0 ≤ c_i ≤ n) — the number of successors of vertex i, and then c_i distinct integers a_ij (1 ≤ a_ij ≤ n) — the indices of successors of vertex i.

Output

If the answer does not exist, output «NO».

Otherwise, in the first line output «YES», and then output n - 1 lines containing two integers each — indices of parent and child. Pairs (parent, child) can be output in any order.

Examples

Input

Output

Input

Output

Input

Output

NO

细节太多，大致先按子孙的数量排序。。。
还是请看我的代码吧，写这篇博客，主要是提醒一下坑点。
1.有环
2.建出来好几课树
3.自己不能当自己的儿子。
4.每个儿子都不能漏
数据一组：

7
5 2 3 4 5 6
2 4 5
2 6 7
0
0
0
0

还要注意并查集不能压缩路径

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<ctime>
#define fuck(x) cout<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl;
#define ls (t<<1)
#define rs ((t<<1)+1)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
const int maxn = 1024;
const int inf = 2.1e9;
const ll Inf = 999999999999999999;
const int mod = 1000000007;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = acos(-1);
bool vis[maxn];
int num[maxn];
int f[maxn];
struct node
{
    int id,sz;
}a[maxn];
vector<int>v[maxn];
int n,m;

bool cmp(node a,node b){
    return a.sz<b.sz;
}

int mx=1001;
int getf(int x,int t){
    if(t==mx){return -1;}
    if(x==f[x])return x;
    return getf(f[x],t+1);
}

int get_num(int x,int t){
    if(t==mx){return -1;}
    num[x]++;
    if(x==f[x]){return x;}
    return get_num(f[x],t+1);
}

vector<int>tt;
int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        scanf("%d",&m);f[i]=i;
        for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
            int x;
            scanf("%d",&x);
            v[i].push_back(x);
            a[i].sz++;
        }
        a[i].id=i;
    }

    sort(a+1,a+1+n,cmp);
    bool flag=true;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        int siz = a[i].sz;
        int id=a[i].id;
        for(int j=0;j<siz;j++){
            vis[v[id][j]]=true;
        }
        vis[id]=true;
        for(int j=0;j<siz;j++){
            int t1=getf(v[id][j],0);
            if(id==v[id][j]||t1==-1||!vis[t1]){flag=false;break;}
            if(t1==v[id][j]){tt.push_back(t1);}
        }
        int sz=tt.size();
        for(int j=0;j<sz;j++){
            f[tt[j]]=id;
        }
        tt.clear();
        if(!flag){break;}
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    }

    int rec=0;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        if(f[i]==i){rec++;}
        get_num(i,0);
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        if(num[i]!=v[i].size()+1){flag=false;}
    }
    if(rec!=1){flag=false;}

    if(flag){
        printf("YES\n");
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            if(f[i]!=i){printf("%d %d\n",f[i],i);}
        }
    }
    else {
        printf("NO\n");
    }

    return 0;
}