转自:http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2005-06-22/1119391090.html
在ASP.NET 2.0中,加入了许多新的功能和控件,相比asp.net 1.0/1.1,在各方面都有了很大的提高。其中,在数据控件方面,增加了不少控件,其中的Gridview控件功能十分强大。在本文中,将探讨Gridview控件中的一些功能特性和用法,如果各位读者对Gridview控件不大了解,可以通过《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》一文,来对Gridview控件有个初步的认识。
1、使用Gridview插入新记录
在Gridview控件中,可以实现插入新记录的操作(见《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》)一文,但如果想实现在Gridview中,实现在Gridview控件的最后一行,提供一个空白行给用户输入要输入的记录,那无疑是很方便的。下面将介绍其实现方法。
首先,我们打算在让用户进行选择,当用户需要新增一记录时,便点击新增按钮,之后在Gridview的最后一行里,显示一个空白行,让用户按字段进行输入,如下图所示:
当用户决定不输入新空白记录时,可以按"cancel"按钮返回,该空白行消失。要实现这样的效果,我们可以充分利用Gridview的footer的模版功能进行自定义,因为有3列,所以,在每一列的footer模版中,定义如下:


<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID = " CustomerIDLabel " Runat = " Server " >< % # Eval( " CustomerID " ) % >< / asp:Label>
< / ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID = " CustomerIDTextBox " Runat = " server " >< / asp:TextBox>
< / FooterTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID = " CompanyNameLabel " Runat = " Server " >< % # Eval( " CompanyName " ) % >< / asp:Label>
< / ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID = " CompanyNameTextBox " Runat = " server " >< / asp:TextBox>
< / FooterTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList ID = " ContactTitleDropDownList " Runat = " server " DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource2 " DataTextField = " ContactTitle " DataValueField = " ContactTitle " >
< / asp:DropDownList>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID = " SqlDataSource2 " Runat = " server " SelectCommand = " SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString = " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxx;database=northwind " >
< / asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:Button ID = " Button1 " Runat = " server " Text = " Add " OnClick = " Button1_Click " / >
<asp:Button ID = " CancelButton1 " Runat = " server " Text = " Cancel " OnClick = " CancelButton1_Click " / >
< / FooterTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList ID = " ContactTitleDropDown " SelectedValue = ’< % # Bind( " ContactTitle " ) % >’ Runat = " Server " DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource3 " DataTextField = " ContactTitle " DataValueField = " ContactTitle " >< / asp:DropDownList>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID = " SqlDataSource3 " Runat = " server " SelectCommand = " SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString = " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind " EnableCaching = " True " >
< / asp:SqlDataSource>
< / ItemTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
< / Columns>
< / asp:Gridview>
以上为Gridview的代码,可以看到,在第一,二列的<foottemplate>列中,分别提供了customerid和companyname两个文本框以供用户输入,在第三列的<footertemplate>列中,以dropdownlistbox的形式来显示contracttitle.。其中,请注意第三列的footertemplate中的add和cancel两个按钮的,它们的事件代码如下


<script runat = " server " >
void CancelButton1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Gridview1.ShowFooter = false ;
}
void AddButton1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Gridview1.ShowFooter = true ;
}
// 点add按钮时,将新增的记录更新到数据库中去
void Button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
TextBox customerID = Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " CustomerIDTextBox " ) as TextBox;
TextBox companyName = Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " CompanyNameTextBox " ) as TextBox;
DropDownList ContactTitle = Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " ContactTitleDropDownList " ) as DropDownList;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[ " CustomerID " ].DefaultValue = customerID.Text;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[ " CompanyName " ].DefaultValue = companyName.Text;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[ " ContactTitle " ].DefaultValue = ContactTitle.SelectedValue;
SqlDataSource1.Insert();
}
< / script>
其中的cancel按钮的事件,用来取消显示Gridview的footer模版,因此设置showfooter属性为false,而addbutton1按钮,是当用户决定新增记录时点选的,此时将设置showfooter属性为true,以显示各列的foottemplate,从而达到显示新的一个空白行的目的。
而在更新代码button1_click事件中,将首先使用Gridview1.footerrow.findcontrol的方法,将用户新增的各字段的值提取出来,然后分别赋值给sqldatasource的insertparameters集合(注意要一一对应),最后使用sqldatasource的insert方法,就可以成功向数据库增加一条新记录了。
另外,为了在窗体加载时,显示数据库northwind中customers表的数据,需要设置sqldatsource1的属性,如下代码:


InsertCommand = " INSERT INTO [Customers] ([CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle]) VALUES (@CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactTitle) "
SelectCommand = " SELECT top 5 [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString = " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=XXXXX;database=northwind " >
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " CustomerID " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " CompanyName " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " ContactTitle " >< / asp:Parameter>
< / InsertParameters>
< / asp:SqlDataSource>
其中,必须设置insertcommand和selectcommand属性,设置数据提取和插入的语句,并且要设置好insertparameters集合中,各字段的类型和名称即可。
2、一次性更新所有的Gridview记录
我们经常会遇到这样的情况,在Gridview中列出的所有记录中,有时要同时修改多条记录,并且将其保存到数据库中去。那么在Gridview中应该如何实现呢?在Gridview中,有两种实现的方法,下面分别进行介绍:
先来看下第一种方法,本方法是使用sqldatasource来更新所有记录,但这个方法比较慢,因为每更新一条记录都要建立数据连接并执行updatecommand,会影响性能。其主要代码如下:


<script runat = " server " >
void Button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i ++ )
{
GridviewRow row = Gridview1.Rows[i];
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[ 0 ].DefaultValue = ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " TextBox2 " )).Text;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[ 1 ].DefaultValue = ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 1 ].FindControl( " TextBox3 " )).Text;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[ 2 ].DefaultValue = Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString();
SqlDataSource1.Update();
}
}
< / script>
<html xmlns = " http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml " >
<head id = " Head1 " runat = " server " >
<title>Untitled Page< / title>
< / head>
<body>
<form id = " form1 " runat = " server " >
<div>
<asp:Gridview ID = " Gridview1 " Runat = " server " DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource1 " DataKeyNames = " CustomerID " AutoGenerateColumns = " False " >
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression = " CustomerID " HeaderText = " CustomerID " >
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat = " server " Text = ’< % # Bind( " CustomerID " ) % >’ ID = " TextBox1 " >< / asp:TextBox>
< / ItemTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression = " CompanyName " HeaderText = " CompanyName " >
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat = " server " Text = ’< % # Bind( " CompanyName " ) % >’ ID = " TextBox2 " >< / asp:TextBox>
< / ItemTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression = " ContactName " HeaderText = " ContactTitle " >
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat = " server " Text = ’< % # Bind( " ContactTitle " ) % >’ ID = " TextBox3 " >< / asp:TextBox>
< / ItemTemplate>
< / asp:TemplateField>
< / Columns>
< / asp:Gridview>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID = " SqlDataSource1 " Runat = " server "
SelectCommand = " SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
UpdateCommand = " UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = @CompanyName, [ContactTitle] = @ContactTitle WHERE [CustomerID] = @CustomerID "
ConnectionString = " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind " >
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " CompanyName " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " ContactTitle " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type = " String " Name = " CustomerID " >< / asp:Parameter>
< / UpdateParameters>
< / asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:Button ID = " Button1 " Runat = " server " Text = " Button " OnClick = " Button1_Click " / >
< / div>
< / form>
< / body>
< / html>
在上面的代码中,我们必须首先指定updateparameters参数集合,也就是指出要更新的是哪些字段,它们的类型是什么。之后并指出sqldatasource的updatecommand语句。而在更新按钮button1的CLICK事件中,将以遍历的形式,使用for循环,对Gridview中的每一行进行检查,将每个更新了的文本框的内容放到sqldatasouce的updateparameters参数中去,最后调用sqldatasource的update方法,完成更新。
方法2使用的是首先遍历Gridview中的每一行,并且使用SQL语句,将要更新的内容连接起来,然后最后才使用command.ExecuteNonQuery()进行更新,效率高了,主要代码如下:


{
if ( ! Page.IsPostBack)
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " AppConnectionString1 " ].ConnectionString);
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand( " SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] " , con);
con.Open();
Gridview1.DataSource = command.ExecuteReader();
Gridview1.DataBind();
con.Close();
}
}
protected void Button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder();
for ( int i = 0 ; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i ++ )
{
GridviewRow row = Gridview1.Rows[i];
string value1 = ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " TextBox2 " )).Text.Replace( " ’ " , " ’’ " );
string value2 = ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 1 ].FindControl( " TextBox3 " )).Text.Replace( " ’ " , " ’’ " );
string value3 = Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString();
query.Append( " UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = ’ " ).Append(value1).Append( " ’ , [ContactTitle] = ’ " )
.Append(value2).Append( " ’ WHERE [CustomerID] = ’ " ).Append(value3).Append( " ’;\n " );
}
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " AppConnectionString1 " ].ConnectionString);
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query.ToString(), con);
con.Open();
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
}
}
其中要特别注意一点的是,在vs.net 2005 beta 2开始,如果你在web.config中使用了数据库连接字符串的配置,那么应该按如下的方法去写:
<add name = " NorthwindConnectionString " connectionString = " Data Source=LIAO;Initial Catalog=Northwind;User ID=sa;Password=xxxx " providerName = " System.Data.SqlClient " / >
< / connectionStrings>
然后在程序中如下进行读取: