单表查询的语法
不带关键字的语法
select {1.*|2.字段名|3.四则运行|4.聚合函数} from 表名 [where 条件]
1.* 表示查询所有字段
2.可以手动要查询的字段
3.字段的值可以进行加减乘除运算
4.聚合函数,用于统计
where 是可选的
field()函数
可以用来对SQL中查询结果集进行指定顺序排序。
函数使用格式如下:order by (str,str1,str2,str3,str4……),str与str1,str2,str3,str4比较,其中str指的是字段名字,意为:字段str按照字符串str1,str2,str3,str4的顺序返回查询到的结果集。
如果表中str字段值不存在于str1,str2,str3,str4中的记录,放在结果集最前面返回。
带关键字的语法
SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
WHERE 条件
GROUP BY field
HAVING 筛选
ORDER BY field
LIMIT 限制条数
关键字的执行优先级
mysql查询时的书写顺序
select..distinct..字段名...from...where...group by...having...order by...limit..
mysql查询时的执行顺序
重点中的重点:关键字的执行优先级
from
where
group by
having
select
distinct
order by
limit
1.找到表:from
2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
4.将分组的结果进行having过滤
5.执行select,查看结果集中的哪个列,或列的计算结果
6.去重复
7.将结果按条件排序:order by
8.限制结果的显示条数
需要注意的点
from后面的表关联,是自右向左解析的 而where条件的解析顺序是自下而上的。 也就是说,在写SQL文的时候,尽量把数据量小的表放在最右边来进行关联(用小表去匹配大表),
而把能筛选出小量数据的条件放在where语句的最左边 (用小表去匹配大表)
简单查询
准备表和记录


company.employee 员工id id int 姓名 emp_name varchar 性别 sex enum 年龄 age int 入职日期 hire_date date 岗位 post varchar 职位描述 post_comment varchar 薪水 salary double 办公室 office int 部门编号 depart_id int 创建表 create table employee( id int not null unique auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50), post_comment varchar(100), salary double(15,2), #双精度浮点数(非准确小数值),参数15是数字总个数,2是小数点后个数 office int, #一个部门一个屋子 depart_id int ); #查看表结构 mysql> desc employee; +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salary | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 插入记录 三个部门:教学,销售,运营 insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values ('xiong1','male',18,'20170301','外交大使',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部 ('xiong2','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1), ('xiong3','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1), ('xiong4','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1), ('xiong5','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1), ('xiong6','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1), ('xiong7','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1), ('xiong8','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1), ('dog1','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门 ('dog2','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2), ('dog3','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2), ('dog4','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2), ('dog5','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2), ('miao1','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门 ('miao2','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3), ('miao3','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3), ('miao4','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3), ('miao5','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3) ; ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk
简单查询
简单查询
select id,name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id
from employee;
select * from employee;
select name,salary from employee;
避免重复distinct
select distinct post from employee;
通过四则运算查询
select name, salary*12 from employee;
select name, salary*12 as Annual_salary from employee;
select name, salary*12 Annual_salary from employee;
定义显示格式
concat() 函数用于连接字符串
写法一
select concat('姓名: ',name,' 年薪: ', salary*12) as Annual_salary
from employee;
写法二
select concat('姓名: ',name) as 姓名,concat('年薪: ',salary) as 年薪 from employee; #注意逗号不能敲成中文的
CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符,
SELECT CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12) AS Annual_salary
FROM employee;
结合CASE语句:
SELECT
(
CASE
WHEN NAME = 'xiong1' THEN
NAME
WHEN NAME = 'xiong2' THEN
CONCAT(name,'_BIGSB')
ELSE
concat(NAME, 'SB')
END
) as new_name
FROM
emp;
补充:case when语句的详细分析
case when语句,用于计算条件列表并返回多个可能结果表达式之一。
CASE 具有两种格式:简单 CASE 函数将某个表达式与一组简单表达式进行比较以确定结果。
CASE 搜索函数计算一组布尔表达式以确定结果。 两种格式都支持可选的 ELSE 参数
简单的case函数
CASE input_expression
WHEN when_expression THEN
result_expression [...n ] [
ELSE
else_result_expression
END
参数介绍:
input_expression是使用简单 CASE 格式时所计算的表达式。Input_expression 是任何有效的 Microsoft SQL Server 表达式。
WHEN when_expression使用简单 CASE 格式时 input_expression 所比较的简单表达式。When_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。Input_expression 和每个 when_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者是隐性转换。
占位符,表明可以使用多个 WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression 子句或 WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression 子句。
THEN result_expression 当 input_expression = when_expression 取值为 TRUE,或者 Boolean_expression 取值 TRUE 时返回的表达式。
result expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。
ELSE else_result_expression当比较运算取值不为 TRUE 时返回的表达式。如果省略此参数并且比较运算取值不为 TRUE,CASE 将返回 NULL 值。else_result_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。else_result_expression
和所有 result_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者必须是隐性转换。
1 简单 CASE 函数:返回结果值介绍:
计算 input_expression,然后按指定顺序对每个 WHEN 子句的 input_expression = when_expression 进行计算。
返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 (input_expression = when_expression) 的 result_expression。如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 input_expression = when_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回 else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL
值。
2 CASE 搜索函数
CASE
WHEN Boolean_expression THEN
result_expression [...n ] [
ELSE
else_result_expression
END
参数介绍:
WHEN Boolean_expression 使用 CASE 搜索格式时所计算的布尔表达式。Boolean_expression 是任意有效的布尔表达式。结果类型从 result_expressions 和可选 else_result_expression 的类型集合中返回最高的优先规则类型。有关更多信息,请参见数据类型的优先顺序。
CASE 搜索函数:返回结果值介绍:
按指定顺序为每个 WHEN 子句的 Boolean_expression 求值。返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression 的 result_expression。
如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回 else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL 值。
3、CASE 可能是 SQL 中被误用最多的关键字之一
虽然,可能以前用过这个关键字来创建字段,但是它还具有更多用法。
例如,可以在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE。或者在 GROUP BY 子句中使用 CASE
使用CASE WHEN进行字符串替换处理,稍加深入,还可以得到以前认为不可能得到的分组排序结果集
4 其他
简单语句
多重语句
在SELECT查询中使用CASE WHEN
练习
1 查出所有员工的名字,薪资,格式为
<名字:egon> <薪资:3000>
2 查出所有的岗位(去掉重复)
3 查出所有员工名字,以及他们的年薪,年薪的字段名为annual_year
select concat('<名字:',name,'> ','<薪资:',salary,'>') from employee;
select distinct depart_id from employee;
select name,salary*12 annual_salary from employee;
WHERE约束
where字句中可以使用:
1. 比较运算符:> < >= <= <> !=
2. between 80 and 100 值在10到20之间
3. in(80,90,100) 值是10或20或30
4. like 'egon%'
pattern可以是%或_,
%表示任意多字符
_表示一个字符
select name from employee where name like 'xiong%';
5. 逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not
regex
any
all
1:单条件查询
SELECT name FROM employee
WHERE post='sale';
2:多条件查询
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE post='teacher' AND salary>10000;
3:关键字BETWEEN AND
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;
4:关键字IS NULL(判断某个字段是否为NULL不能用等号,需要用IS)
SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee
WHERE post_comment IS NULL;
SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee
WHERE post_comment IS NOT NULL;
SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee
WHERE post_comment=''; 注意''是空字符串,不是null
ps:
执行
update employee set post_comment='' where id=2;
再用上条查看,就会有结果了
5:关键字IN集合查询
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ;
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;
SELECT name,salary FROM employee
WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;
6:关键字like模糊查询
通配符’%’
SELECT * FROM employee
WHERE name LIKE 'eg%';
通配符’_’
SELECT * FROM employee
WHERE name LIKE 'al__';
练习
1. 查看岗位是teacher的员工姓名、年龄
2. 查看岗位是teacher且年龄大于30岁的员工姓名、年龄
3. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资在9000-1000范围内的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
4. 查看岗位描述不为NULL的员工信息
5. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
6. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资不是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
7. 查看岗位是teacher且名字是jin开头的员工姓名、年薪
select name,age from employee where post = 'teacher';
select name,age from employee where post='teacher' and age > 30;
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary between 9000 and 10000;
select * from employee where post_comment is not null;
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary not in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,salary*12 from employee where post='teacher' and name like 'jin%';
分组查询:GROUP BY
什么是分组,为什么要分组?
1、首先明确一点:分组发生在where之后,即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的
2、分组指的是:将所有记录按照某个 相同字段 进行归类,比如针对员工信息表的职位分组,
或者按照性别进行分组等
3、为何要分组呢?
数据库中分组是为了统计
取每个部门的最高工资
取每个部门的员工数
取男人数和女人数
小窍门:‘每’这个字后面的字段,就是我们分组的依据也即重复性比较高的字段
4、大前提:
可以按照任意字段分组,但是分组完毕后,比如group by post,只能查看post字段,其他都被隐藏了
如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数!!!
ONLY_FULL GROUP_BY
#查看MySQL 5.7默认的sql_mode如下:
mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,
NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,
NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
#!!!注意
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY的语义就是确定select target list中的所有列的值都是明确语义,
简单的说来,在ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式下,target list中的值要么是来自于聚集函数的结果,
要么是来自于group by list中的表达式的值。
#设置sql_mole如下操作(我们可以去掉ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式):
mysql> set global sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,
ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
!!!SQL_MODE设置!!!
mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+-------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode |
+-------------------+
| |
+-------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp group by post;
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 14 | miao1 | male | 28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL | 10000.13 | 403 | 3 |
| 9 | dog1 | female | 48 | 2015-03-11 | sale | NULL | 3000.13 | 402 | 2 |
| 2 | xiong2 | male | 78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL | 1000000.31 | 401 | 1 |
| 1 | xiong1 | male | 18 | 2017-03-01 | 外交大使 | NULL | 7300.33 | 401 | 1 |
+----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果,默认都是组内的第一条记录,但其实这是没有意义的
mysql> set global sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit #设置成功后,一定要退出,然后重新登录方可生效
Bye
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> select * from emp group by post; #报错
ERROR 1055 (42000): 'db1.emp.id' isn't in GROUP BY
mysql> select post,count(id) from emp group by post; #只能查看分组依据和使用聚合函数
+-----------+-----------+
| post | count(id) |
+-----------+-----------+
| operation | 5 |
| sale | 5 |
| teacher | 7 |
| 外交大使 | 1 |
+-----------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
GROUP BY
应该注意的一些点
单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组
SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post;
注意:我们按照post字段分组,那么select查询的字段只能是post,
想要获取组内的其他相关信息,需要借助函数
GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用 使用了GROUP_CONCAT()之后,就可以看到组内所有的记录,但是这条记录是默认用逗号拼接而成的
SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;
#按照岗位分组,并查看组内成员名
SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post;
GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用
select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;
#按照岗位分组,并查看每个组有多少人
强调:
如果我们用unique的字段作为分组的依据,则每一条记录自成一组,这种分组没有意义
多条记录之间的某个字段值相同,该字段通常用来作为分组的依据
聚合函数
强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组
示例:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee;
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;
练习
1. 查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字
2. 查询岗位名以及各岗位内包含的员工个数
3. 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数
4. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的平均薪资
5. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最高薪资
6. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最低薪资
7. 查询男员工与男员工的平均薪资,女员工与女员工的平均薪资
题1:分组
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
| post | group_concat(name) |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
| operation | miao1,miao2,miao3,miao4,miao5 |
| sale | dog1,dog2,dog3,dog4,dog5 |
| teacher | xiong2,xiong3,xiong4,xiong5,xiong6,xiong7,xiong8 |
| 外交大使 | xiong1 |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
题目2:
mysql> select post,count(id) from employee group by post;
+-----------+-----------+
| post | count(id) |
+-----------+-----------+
| operation | 5 |
| sale | 5 |
| teacher | 7 |
| 外交大使 | 1 |
+-----------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
题目3:
mysql> select sex,count(id) from employee group by sex;
+--------+-----------+
| sex | count(id) |
+--------+-----------+
| male | 10 |
| female | 8 |
+--------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
题目4:
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------+---------------+
| post | avg(salary) |
+-----------+---------------+
| operation | 16800.026000 |
| sale | 2600.294000 |
| teacher | 151842.901429 |
| 外交大使 | 7300.330000 |
+-----------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
题目5
mysql> select post,max(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------+-------------+
| post | max(salary) |
+-----------+-------------+
| operation | 20000.00 |
| sale | 4000.33 |
| teacher | 1000000.31 |
| 外交大使 | 7300.33 |
+-----------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
题目6
mysql> select post,min(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------+-------------+
| post | min(salary) |
+-----------+-------------+
| operation | 10000.13 |
| sale | 1000.37 |
| teacher | 2100.00 |
| 外交大使 | 7300.33 |
+-----------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
题目七
mysql> select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;
+--------+---------------+
| sex | avg(salary) |
+--------+---------------+
| male | 110920.077000 |
| female | 7250.183750 |
+--------+---------------+
HAVING过滤
HAVING与WHERE不一样的地方在于
执行优先级从高到低:where > group by > having
1. Where 发生在分组group by之前,因而Where中可以有任意字段,但是绝对不能使用聚合函数。
2. Having发生在分组group by之后,因而Having中可以使用分组的字段,无法直接取到其他字段,可以使用聚合函数
mysql> select @@sql_mode;
+--------------------+
| @@sql_mode |
+--------------------+
| ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp where salary > 100000;
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 2 | alex | male | 78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL | 1000000.31 | 401 | 1 |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp having salary > 100000;
ERROR 1463 (42000): Non-grouping field 'salary' is used in HAVING clause
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post having salary > 10000;#错误,分组后无法直接取到salary字段
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'salary' in 'having clause'
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
| post | group_concat(name) |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
| operation | miao1,miao2,miao3,miao4,miao5 |
| teacher | xiong2,xiong3,xiong4,xiong5,xiong6,xiong7,xiong8 |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
小练习
1. 查询各岗位内包含的员工个数小于2的岗位名、岗位内包含员工名字、个数
3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资
4. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000且小于20000的岗位名、平均工资
题目1:
mysql> select post,group_concat(name),count(id) from employee group by post having count(id) < 2;
+----------+--------------------+-----------+
| post | group_concat(name) | count(id) |
+----------+--------------------+-----------+
| 外交大使 | xiong1 | 1 |
+----------+--------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
题目2:
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
+-----------+---------------+
| post | avg(salary) |
+-----------+---------------+
| operation | 16800.026000 |
| teacher | 151842.901429 |
+-----------+---------------+
题目3:
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 and avg(salary) <20000;
+-----------+--------------+
| post | avg(salary) |
+-----------+--------------+
| operation | 16800.026000 |
+-----------+--------------+
查询排序:ORDER BY
按单列排序
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary;
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary ASC;
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC;
按多列排序:先按照age排序,如果年纪相同,则按照薪资排序
SELECT * from employee
ORDER BY age,
salary DESC;
补充
用 DESC 表示按倒序排序(即:从大到小排序) ---降序排列
用 ACS 表示按正序排序(即:从小到大排序)---升序排列
小练习
1. 查询所有员工信息,先按照age升序排序,如果age相同则按照hire_date降序排序
2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资升序排列
3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资降序排列
#题目1
mysql> select * from employee ORDER BY age asc,hire_date desc;
#题目2
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) asc;
+-----------+---------------+
| post | avg(salary) |
+-----------+---------------+
| operation | 16800.026000 |
| teacher | 151842.901429 |
+-----------+---------------+
#题目3
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) desc;
+-----------+---------------+
| post | avg(salary) |
+-----------+---------------+
| teacher | 151842.901429 |
| operation | 16800.026000 |
+-----------+---------------+
限制查询的记录数:LIMIT
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 3; #默认初始位置为0,读三条记录
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始,即先查询出第一条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始,即先查询出第6条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
小练习
分页显示,每页5条
mysql> select * from employee limit 0,5;
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 2017-03-01 | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 | NULL | 7300.33 | 401 | 1 |
| 2 | alex | male | 78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | | 1000000.31 | 401 | 1 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 81 | 2013-03-05 | teacher | NULL | 8300.00 | 401 | 1 |
| 4 | yuanhao | male | 73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher | NULL | 3500.00 | 401 | 1 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher | NULL | 2100.00 | 401 | 1 |
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from employee limit 5,5;
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher | NULL | 9000.00 | 401 | 1 |
| 7 | jinxin | male | 18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher | NULL | 30000.00 | 401 | 1 |
| 8 | 成龙 | male | 48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher | NULL | 10000.00 | 401 | 1 |
| 9 | 歪歪 | female | 48 | 2015-03-11 | sale | NULL | 3000.13 | 402 | 2 |
| 10 | 丫丫 | female | 38 | 2010-11-01 | sale | NULL | 2000.35 | 402 | 2 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from employee limit 10,5;
+----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
+----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| 11 | 丁丁 | female | 18 | 2011-03-12 | sale | NULL | 1000.37 | 402 | 2 |
| 12 | 星星 | female | 18 | 2016-05-13 | sale | NULL | 3000.29 | 402 | 2 |
| 13 | 格格 | female | 28 | 2017-01-27 | sale | NULL | 4000.33 | 402 | 2 |
| 14 | 张野 | male | 28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL | 10000.13 | 403 | 3 |
| 15 | 程咬金 | male | 18 | 1997-03-12 | operation | NULL | 20000.00 | 403 | 3 |
+----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用正则表达式查询
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP '^ale';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'm{2}';
小结:对字符串匹配的方式
WHERE name = 'egon';
WHERE name LIKE 'yua%';
WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';
小练习
查看所有员工中名字是jin开头,n或者g结果的员工信息
select * from employee where name regexp '^jin.*[gn]$';