mysql中min和max查询优化

本文探讨了在MySQL中使用max()函数时可能引发的全表扫描问题,特别是在频繁执行的SQL语句中。通过对比max()函数和使用order by与limit的方法,展示了max()函数如何读取符合条件的所有行来确定最大值,而后者仅需扫描一行即可。建议在性能敏感场景下谨慎使用max()函数。

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mysql max() 函数的需扫描where条件过滤后的所有行:

在测试环境中重现:

测试版本:Server version:         5.1.58-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

testtable表中的索引

mysql> show index from testtable;
+-----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table     | Non_unique | Key_name   | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| testtable |          0 | PRIMARY    |            1 | id          | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| testtable |          1 | key_number |            1 | number      | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |
+-----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+

对比的sql为:

 select sql_no_cache  max(id) from testtable where number=98;
 select sql_no_cache id from testtable where number=98 order by id desc limit 1;

查看执行计划:

mysql> explain select sql_no_cache  max(id) from testtable where number=98;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key        | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | testtable | ref  | key_number    | key_number | 5       | const |    4 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> explain select sql_no_cache id from testtable where number=98 order by id desc limit 1;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table     | type | possible_keys | key        | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | testtable | ref  | key_number    | key_number | 5       | const |    4 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
执行计划显示完全一样。

其中,number为98 对应的记录有4行:

mysql> select count(*) from testtable where number=98;

+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        4 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

执行前查看innodb_rows_read

#innodb_rows_read  从InnoDB表读取的行数

mysql> show global status like 'innodb_rows_read';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| Innodb_rows_read | 1022  |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

执行sql1
mysql> select sql_no_cache  max(id) from testtable where number=98;
+---------+
| max(id) |
+---------+
|      13 |
+---------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


执行后查看innodb_rows_read,发现innodb_rows_read增加了4,即number为98 对应的记录有4行
mysql> show global status like 'innodb_rows_read';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| Innodb_rows_read | 1026  |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

执行sql2
mysql> select sql_no_cache id from testtable where number=98 order by id desc limit 1;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 13 |
+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

执行后查看innodb_rows_read,发现innodb_rows_read增加了1 
mysql> show global status like 'innodb_rows_read';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| Innodb_rows_read | 1027  |
+------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试得出:

 select sql_no_cache  max(id) from testtable where number=98;

需要读取 number=98 的所有行,才能得到最大的id

 select sql_no_cache id from testtable where number=98 order by id desc limit 1;

由于id是主键,number是第二索引,只需扫描1行即可得到最大的id

 

请慎用max()函数,特别是频繁执行的sql,若需用到可转化为测试中的  order by id desc limit 1

因为往往min()或者max()函数往往会造成全表扫描

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/fnlingnzb-learner/p/9939789.html

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