Anaconda使用

Anaconda安装与使用指南

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:13:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:13:58 发布

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文章标签： python json

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/syqlp/p/6140111.html

本文介绍了如何安装Anaconda，并详细讲解了如何使用conda工具管理Python环境和安装软件包，包括解决找不到特定包的问题。

Anaconda官网：https://www.continuum.io/
Anaconda 提供一个管理工具 conda ，可以把 conda 看作是 pip + virtualenv +PVM (Python Version Manager) + 一些必要的底层库，也就是一个更完整也更大的集成管理工具。

1. 下载、安装 Anaconda

如果只想用 conda ，可以下载简化版的 Miniconda ，需要 Anaconda 可以安装完全版，一共大概 400 M，用阿里云服务器从官方网站下载大概要 6 个小时…不过还好清华大学 TUNA 镜像源提供了镜像：

# 下载时要看清楚 Anaconda3 还是 2，对应的是 Python 3.5 和 2.7
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/Anaconda3-2.5.0-Linux-x86_64.sh bash Anaconda3-2.5.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

设定安装目录 /home/rainy/.anaconda3 并一路确认，会在 ~/.bashrc 添加环境变量，因为我用的是 zsh ，所以需要在 ~/.zshrc 添加：

# added by Anaconda3 2.5.0 installer
export PATH="/home/rainy/.anaconda3/bin:$PATH" conda --version # conda 3.19.1

2. 创建（clone）新的环境

conda env list
# conda environments:
#
root                  *  /home/rainy/.anaconda3

conda create --name nb --clone root

conda env list
# conda environments:
#
nb /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb root * /home/rainy/.anaconda3

切换环境：

source activate nb
# discarding /home/rainy/.anaconda3/bin from PATH
# prepending /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin to PATH

此时变成 (nb) $ ，和 virtualenv 一样，只是在退出时不太一样：

which python
/home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin/python
source deactivate
discarding /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin from PATH

需要重新打开新的窗口才能再切换。现在查看已安装的 package 列表：

source active nb
conda list
# packages in environment at /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb:
#
abstract-rendering        0.5.1 np110py35_0 alabaster 0.7.7 py35_0 anaconda 2.5.0 np110py35_0 anaconda-client 1.2.2 py35_0 argcomplete 1.0.0 py35_1 astropy 1.1.1 np110py35_0 ...

3. 下载安装package

Anaconda作为一个工具包集成管理工具，下载python工具包是很方便的，直接敲：

conda install package_name

但是有时候安装一个工具包（如xmltodict）的时候，在当前的channels中找不到这个包，会提示：

[root@master sbin]$ conda install xmltodict
Fetching package metadata .......
Solving package specifications: .
PackageNotFoundError: Package not found: '' Package missing in current linux-64 channels: - xmltodict You can search for packages on anaconda.org with anaconda search -t conda xmltodict

然后你按照提示在anaconda.org中找工具包，

[root@master sbin]$ anaconda search -t conda xmltodict
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Run 'anaconda show <USER/PACKAGE>' to get more details:
Packages:
     Name                      |  Version | Package Types   | Platforms      
     ------------------------- |   ------ | --------------- | ---------------
     PinguCarsti/xmltodict     |    0.8.3 | conda           | linux-64, osx-64 abgreenwell/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | win-64 asmeurer/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | osx-64 : https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict auto/xmltodict | 0.8.6 | conda | linux-64, linux-32, osx-64 : https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict bioconda/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON conda-forge/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | linux-64, win-32, win-64, osx-64 dan_blanchard/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | linux-64 : https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict davidbgonzalez/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON derickl/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | osx-64 dimazest/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64 equipoise/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | win-64, osx-64 hargup/xmltodict | | conda | None-None, linux-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON indico/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON jacksongs/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | osx-64 kabaka0/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON luzazul45/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | win-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON mathieu/xmltodict | 0.10.1 | conda | osx-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON mh00h/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64 : Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON moustik/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64 russellthomas/xmltodict | 0.9.0 | conda | osx-64 : xmltodict is a simple library that aims at making XML feel like working with JSON xavier/xmltodict | 0.5.1 | conda | linux-64 : https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict Found 21 packages

我们发现了21个包，现在就选择一个合适的版本进行安装，如我选择这个：

 conda-forge/xmltodict     |   0.10.2 | conda           | linux-64, win-32, win-64, osx-64

那么执行下面命令进行安装即可：

[root@master ~]$ conda install -c https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge xmltodict
或者
conda install -c conda-forge xmltodict
详情参照：http://www.jianshu.com/p/d2e15200ee9b

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/syqlp/p/6140111.html