The problem is likely that there's a newer version of the Visual C++ Redistributable than SQL Server is trying to install, e.g., from Visual Studio 2017. So another way to address this, if you don't need the latest C++ redistributable, is to go to Add or Remove Programs and uninstall all references to Visual C++ 2017 Redistributable. After this, the SQL Server installation should proceed without errors.
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/dupeng0811/p/unable-to-install-sql-server-setupexe-vs-shell-installation-has-failed-with-exit-code-1638.html