本文介绍如何使用Python的BeautifulSoup库解析HTML文档。通过实例展示了查找特定标签、获取标签属性和文本内容的方法。
BeautifulSoup是一个模块，该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串，然后将其进行格式化，之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素，从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> asdf <div class="title"> <b>The Dormouse's story总共</b> <h1>f</h1> </div> <div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div> ad<br/>sf <p class="story">...</p> </body> </html> """ soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml") # 找到第一个a标签 tag1 = soup.find(name='a') # 找到所有的a标签 tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a') # 找到id＝link2的标签 tag3 = soup.select('#link2')
安装
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
使用实例：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> ... </body> </html> """ soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
1. name，标签名称
1 tag = soup.find('a') 2 name = tag.name # 获取 3 print(name) 4 tag.name = 'span' # 设置 5 print(soup)
2. attr，标签属性
1 tag = soup.find('a') 2 attrs = tag.attrs # 获取 3 print(attrs) 4 tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 设置 5 tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 设置 6 print(soup)
3. children,所有子标签
body = soup.find('body') v = body.children
4. children,所有子子孙孙标签
body = soup.find('body') v = body.descendants
5. clear,将标签的所有子标签全部清空（保留标签名）
tag = soup.find('body') tag.clear() print(soup)
6. decode,转换为字符串（含当前标签）；decode_contents（不含当前标签）
body = soup.find('body') v = body.decode() v = body.decode_contents() print(v)
7. encode,转换为字节（含当前标签）；encode_contents（不含当前标签）
body = soup.find('body') v = body.encode() v = body.encode_contents() print(v)
10. find,获取匹配的第一个标签
# tag = soup.find('a') # print(tag) # tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') # tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie') # print(tag)
11. find_all,获取匹配的所有标签
# tags = soup.find_all('a') # print(tags) # tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1) # print(tags) # tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') # # tags = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie') # print(tags) # ####### 列表 ####### # v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div']) # print(v) # v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister']) # print(v) # v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie']) # print(v, type(v[0])) # v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2']) # print(v) # v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2']) # print(v) # ####### 正则 ####### import re # rep = re.compile('p') # rep = re.compile('^p') # v = soup.find_all(name=rep) # print(v) # rep = re.compile('sister.*') # v = soup.find_all(class_=rep) # print(v) # rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*') # v = soup.find_all(href=rep) # print(v) # ####### 方法筛选 ####### # def func(tag): # return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id') # v = soup.find_all(name=func) # print(v) # ## get,获取标签属性 # tag = soup.find('a') # v = tag.get('id') # print(v)
12. has_attr,检查标签是否具有该属性
# tag = soup.find('a') # v = tag.has_attr('id') # print(v)
13. get_text,获取标签内部文本内容
# tag = soup.find('a') # v = tag.get_text('id') # print(v)
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