C#基础——virtual-优快云博客

本文介绍了C#中如何使用virtual关键字定义虚方法，并通过派生类重写这些方法来实现多态。示例展示了不同形状类（如圆形、球体和圆柱体）计算面积的方法。

virtual关键字用于修饰方法、属性、索引器或事件声明，并使它们可以在派生类被重写。

调用虚方法事时，将为重写成员检查该对象的运行时类型。

virtual修饰符不能与static、abstract、private或override修饰符一起使用。

class TestClass
{
    public class Dimensions
    {
        public const double PI = Math.PI;
        protected double x, y;
        public Dimensions()
        {
        }
        public Dimensions(double x, double y)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
        public virtual double Area()
        {
            return x * y;
        }
    }

    public class Circle : Dimensions
    {
        public Circle(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return PI * x * x;
        }
    }
    class Sphere : Dimensions
    {
        public Sphere(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return 4 * PI * x * x;
        }
    }
    class Cylinder : Dimensions
    {
        public Cylinder(double r, double h) : base(r, h)
        {
        }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return 2 * PI * x * x + 2 * PI * x * y;
        }
    }
    static void Main()
    {
        double r = 3.0, h = 5.0;
        Dimensions c = new Circle(r);
        Dimensions s = new Sphere(r);
        Dimensions l = new Cylinder(r, h);
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle   = {0:F2}", c.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Sphere   = {0:F2}", s.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Cylinder = {0:F2}", l.Area());
        Console.ReadLine();
    }