常用模块
ping # 测试主机的连通性 file # 用于配置文件属性 yum # 用于管理软件包 cron # 配置计划任务 copy/fetch # 复制文件到远程主机/复制远程主机文件到本地 command # 在远程主机上执行命令 shell/raw # 类似于command模块，支持管道与通配符（最常用） user/group # 配置用户/用户组 service # 用于管理服务 ping # 检测远程主机是否存活 setup # 远程主机基本信息 mount # 配置挂载点 script # 脚本复制拷贝相关（最常用） get_url # 下载模块
user模块
append # （yes|no, default=no） yes:增量添加group，no: 全量变更group，之设置groups指定的group组 comment # （default=no） 可选设置用户的账户的描述 createhome # （yes|no，default=yes），创建用户时或家目录不存在时创建home目录 expires # 用户过期时间， force # （yes|no default=no） 强制，与state=absent结合使用时，效果等同于 userdel --force generate_ssh_key # （yes|no，default=no） 是否生成 ssh Key，不会覆盖已有的ssh Key group # 可选。设置用户属组 groups # 设置用户附加群组，使用逗号分开多个群组home # 可选，设置用户家目录 login_class # 可选，设置 bsd系统的用户登录class move_home # （yes|no，default=no，临时迁移用户家目录到指定目录）name # 用户名 non_unique # Optionally when used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique password # 设置用户密码为指定的密码remove # 相当于 userdel remove shell # 设置用户shell
skeleton # Optionally set a home skeleton directory. Requires createhome option! ssh_key_bits # 指定生成ssh key的加密位数 ssh_key_comment # 定义ssh key的注释 ssh_key_file # 指定ssh key文件名 ssh_key_passphrase # 设置ssh key密码 ssh_key_type # 指定ssh key 类型，默认rsa state # （default=present） present，新建用户；absent，删除用户 system # （yes|no，default=no） 当创建新账户时，该选项为yes，为用户设置系统账户，对已经存在的用户无效 uid # 可选，设置用户uid update_password # （no|always，default=always） always：只有当密码不相同时才会更新密码，on_create:为新用户设置密码
示例：
//新增用户,使用bash shell，附加组为admins，dbagroup，家目录 /home/dba ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba shell=/bin/bash groups=admins,dbagroup append=yes home=/home/dba state=present" //修改用户属组 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba groups=dbagroup append=no" //修改用户属性 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba expires=1464775222(时间戳)" // 删除用户 ansible dba -m user "name=dba state=abesent remove=yes" //变更用户密码 ansible dba -m user -a "name=tom shell=/bin/bash password="密码 update_password=always" 这里的password为经过加密后的密码，两种方式生成加密密码：
方法①、
yum install expect makepasswd
mkpasswd --method=SHA-512
方法②、使用python passlib、getpass库生成密码
pip install passlib
生成密码（python3.x）
python -c "from passlib.hash import sha512_crypt;import getpass;print (sha512_crypt.encrypt(getpass.getpass()))"
普通加密算法
python -c "import crypt;print （crypt.crypt（"redhat123","dba"）"
应用层用户管理（如MySQL用户管理）
//添加一个mysql用户
ansible db -m mysql_user -a "login_host=localhost login_password="mysqlmima login_user=root name=stanly password=stanlymima priv=zabbix.*:all state=present"
synchronize 模块
模块参数说明
archive # 是否采用归档模式同步，即以源文件相同属性同步到目标地址
checksum # 是否效验
compress # 开启压缩，默认为开启
copy_links # 同步的时候是否复制连接
delete # 删除源中没有而目标存在的文件（即以推送方为主）
dest= # 目标地址路径
dest_port # 目标接受的端口，ansible配置文件中的 ansible_ssh_port 变量优先级高于该 dest_port 变量
dirs # 以非递归的方式传输目录
existing_only # Skip creating new files on receiver.
group # Preserve group
links # Copy symlinks as symlinks.
mode # 模式，rsync 同步的方式 PUSH\PULL，默认都是推送push。如果你在使用拉取pull功能的时候，可以参考如下来实现mode=pull 更改推送模式为拉取模式
recursive # 是否递归 yes/no
rsync_opts # 使用rsync 的参数
rsync_path # 服务的路径，指定 rsync 命令来在远程服务器上运行。这个参考rsync命令的--rsync-path参数，--rsync-path=PATH # 指定远程服务器上的rsync命令所在路径信息
rsync_timeout # 指定 rsync 操作的 IP 超时时间，和rsync命令的 --timeout 参数效果一样.
set_remote_user # put user@ for the remote paths. If you have a custom ssh config to define the remote user for
src=\‘#\‘" # 源，同步的数据源
times #
--exclude=.Git 忽略同步.git结尾的文件
由于模块默认启用了archive参数，该参数默认开启了recursive, links, perms, times, owner，group和-D参数。如果你将该参数设置为no，那么你将停止很多参数，比如会导致如下目的递归失败，导致无法拉取
使用synchronize模块，系统必须安装rsync 包，否则无法使用这个模块
示例：
ansible -i /etc/ansible/web_guanwang huizhongcf -m synchronize -a 'src=/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/HuiZhong/hzcfCMS/ dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/ rsync_opts="--exclude=.git" '
解释：
指定 /etc/ansible/web_guanwang 目录下的hosts 文件 里huizhongcf 组名
-m 指定模块名
-a 命令
rsync_opts 指定参数 忽略.git 结尾的文件
shell模块
ansible web -m shell -a 'command' -o ansible web -m shell -a 'uname -r ' -f 5 -o
注解： -f 5 线程数 -o 输出
chdir命令
shell: chdir={{ tomcat_dir }}/../../ nohup rm -rf work &
清除tomcat缓存操作
unarchive 模块
1、将ansible主机上的压缩包在本地解压缩后传到远程主机上，这种情况下，copy=yes. 本地解压缩,解压缩位置不是默认的目录,没找到或传完删了 后传到远程主机
2、将远程主机上的某个压缩包解压缩到指定路径下。这种情况下，需要设置copy=no 远程主机上面的操作,不涉及ansible服务端
用于解压文件，模块包含如下选项： copy：默认为yes。若为no，则要求目标主机上压缩包必须存在。 creates：指定一个文件名，当该文件存在时，则解压指令不执行 dest：远程主机上的一个路径，即文件解压的路径 grop：解压后的目录或文件的属组 list_files：如果为yes，则会列出压缩包里的文件，默认为no，2.0版本新增的选项 mode：解决后文件的权限 src：如果copy为yes，则需要指定压缩文件的源路径 owner：解压后文件或目录的属主
示例：
src: "{{ war_files }}"
dest: "{{ tomcat_root }}"
copy: yes
copy模块
ansible web -m copy -a 'src=host.py dest=/root/host.py' owner=root group=root mode=644 backup=yes'
参数说明
参数名 选项 必须 参数说明 backup yes/no no 备份远程节点上的原始文件，在拷贝之前。如果发生什么意外，原始文件还能使用。 content yes/no no 用来替代src，用于将指定文件的内容，拷贝到远程文件内 dest yes/no yes 用于定位远程节点上的文件，需要绝对路径。如果src指向的是文件夹，这个参数也必须是指向文件夹 directory_mode yes/no no 这个参数只能用于拷贝文件夹时候，这个设定后，文件夹内新建的文件会被拷贝。而老旧的不会被拷贝 follow yes/no no 当拷贝的文件夹内有link存在的时候，那么拷贝过去的也会有link group yes/no no 指明文件属组 mode yes/no no 指明文件的权限 owner yes/no no 指明文件的属主 src yes/no no 文件源地址路径
yum模块
安装：ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=latest' -f 5 -o 启动：ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=started' -f 5 -o 验证：ansible web -m shell -a 'netstat -ntlp| grep httpd ' -f 5
用户管理（user）模块
首先openssl生成密码，然后user命令添加用户
生成密码 echo ansible|openssl passwd -1 -stdin 新建用户 ansible web -m user -a 'name=username password="生成的密码" ' -f 5 -o
authorized_key模块(批量安装sshkey)
ssh-keyscan xx.xx.xxx.xxx xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx >> /root/.ssh/known_hosts ##测试貌似没通过
export ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False ##可用
cat sshkey.yml --- - hosts: Partner gather_facts: false tasks: - name: install sshkey authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file', '/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}" state=present
##执行 ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/Partner/hosts sshkey.yml --ask-pass
get_url模块
ansible web -m get_url -a "http://xx.com/xx.tar.gz dest=/tmp"
lineinfile模块
lineinfile模块针对文件特殊行，使用后端引用的正则表达式来替换，类似linux工具中的sed工具
//删除一行 - name: 删除一行 lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts state: absent regexp: '^192\.' tags: - ... //添加一行 - name: 添加一行(在最后添加) lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts line: '.....' tags: - ... //如果匹配到这一行,引用line这一行作为替换，如果匹配不到，则引用line这一样作为添加 - name: Fully quoted a line lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile state: present regexp: '^%wheel' line: '%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' tags: - testfile //关于参数backrefs，backup使用。 backrefs为no时，如果没有匹配,则添加一行line。如果匹配了，则把匹配内容替被换为line内容。 backrefs为yes时，如果没有匹配，则文件保持不变。如果匹配了，把匹配内容替被换为line内容。 backup为no时，没有匹配，则添加。如果匹配了，则替换 backup为yes时，没有匹配，添加，如果匹配了，则替换
//示例
- name: test backrefs lineinfile: # backup: yes state: present dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile regexp: '^#\?bar' backrefs: yes line: 'bar' tags: - test_backrefs
设定regexp匹配不到，然后匹配“insertbefore”文本：
若匹配到“insertbefore”值=1：匹配“insertbefore”值之前的行，精确匹配行“line”；若匹配行“line”到，不做任何操作；若未匹配到，则在“insertbefore”值之前增加行“line”。
若匹配到“insertbefore”值>1：则只有最后一个“insertbefore”值为有效匹配值，其余同上。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
优先匹配“regexp”，若匹配到则直接替换为“line”，未匹配到则分成下面的情况
① 存在“backrefs: yes” 参数：
A匹配“insertbefore”文本或者“insertafter”文本，若都未匹配到，则不会做任何操作。
B匹配到“insertbefore”文本（匹配多个最后一个有效），会从“insertbefore”文本往前匹配“line”，若匹配不到则新增行“line”，否则不做任何操作。
C匹配到“insertafter”文本（匹配多个最后一个有效），会从“insertafter”文本往后匹配“line”，若匹配不到则新增行“line”，否则不做任何操作。
② 不存在“backrefs: yes” 参数：
A匹配“insertbefore”文本或者“insertafter”文本，若都未匹配到，则在文件末尾新增行“line”。
B匹配到“insertbefore”文本（匹配多个最后一个有效），直接在“insertbefore”文本前面新增行“line”。
C匹配到“insertafter”文本（匹配多个最后一个有效），直接在“insertafter”文本后面新增行“line”。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" # insertafter: "ruler:other start" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
示例
--- - hosts: test tasks: - name: 修改ssh配置 lineinfile: dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config #要修改的配置文件 regexp: "{{ item.regexp }}" #要修改的行 line: "{{ item.line }}" #修改后的行 state: present with_items: - { regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication" , line: "PasswordAuthentication no"} - { regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin", line: "PermitRootLogin no"} notify: restart ssh handlers: - name: restart ssh service: name=sshd.service state=restarted
setup模块
setup模块主要用来显示主机的系统信息（cpu，ip,dns等等），以key:values的形式列出，最主要的功能就是这些信息可以被playbook的yml文件所引用，
如：查看本机的主要ip：playbook里可以写成{{ ansible_ens32.ipv4.address }} (ansible_ens32为key，ipv4 为key的values值里的一个key,address为ipv4这个key的值里的key)获取到的值为ip：10.10.10.11
如果想在命令行过滤： ansible 主机组 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_ens32"
10.10.10.11 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.17.0.1",
"10.10.10.11",
"172.18.0.1",
"192.168.122.1"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::250:56ff:fe93:e5c6"
],
"ansible_apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "06/22/2012",
"ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
"ansible_br_715339010b9c": {
"active": false,
"device": "br-715339010b9c",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "on [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "on",
"tx_gso_robust": "on",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "on",
"tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
"tx_mpls_segmentation": "on",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"id": "8000.0242218ae431",
"interfaces": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "172.18.0.1",
"broadcast": "global",
"netmask": "255.255.0.0",
"network": "172.18.0.0"
},
"macaddress": "02:42:21:8a:e4:31",
"mtu": 1500,
"promisc": false,
"stp": false,
"type": "bridge"
},
"ansible_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"crashkernel": "auto",
"quiet": true,
"rd.lvm.lv": "centos/swap",
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root"
},
"ansible_date_time": {
"date": "2018-01-18",
"day": "18",
"epoch": "1516240309",
"hour": "09",
"iso8601": "2018-01-18T01:51:49Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20180118T095149945019",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20180118T095149",
"iso8601_micro": "2018-01-18T01:51:49.945264Z",
"minute": "51",
"month": "01",
"second": "49",
"time": "09:51:49",
"tz": "CST",
"tz_offset": "+0800",
"weekday": "Thursday",
"weekday_number": "4",
"weeknumber": "03",
"year": "2018"
},
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "10.10.10.11",
"alias": "ens32",
"broadcast": "10.10.10.255",
"gateway": "10.10.10.1",
"interface": "ens32",
"macaddress": "00:50:56:93:e5:c6",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "10.10.10.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_default_ipv6": {},
"ansible_devices": {
"fd0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "1",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "8",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "4.00 KB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null
},
"sda": {
"holders": [],
"host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)",
"model": "Virtual disk",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"holders": [],
"sectors": "1024000",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "500.00 MB",
"start": "2048",
"uuid": "d8dc2423-3de9-44d6-a983-ec66e55581bf"
},
"sda2": {
"holders": [
"centos-root",
"centos-swap",
"centos-home"
],
"sectors": "418404352",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "199.51 GB",
"start": "1026048",
"uuid": null
}
},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "419430400",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "200.00 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "VMware"
},
"sr0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
"model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
"partitions": {},
"removable": "1",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "cfq",
"sectors": "2097151",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "1024.00 MB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "NECVMWar"
}
},
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.3.1611",
"ansible_dns": {
"nameservers": [
"219.141.136.10"
]
},
"ansible_docker0": {
"active": false,
"device": "docker0",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "on [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "on",
"tx_gso_robust": "on",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "on",
"tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
"tx_mpls_segmentation": "on",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"id": "8000.024263e72f42",
"interfaces": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "172.17.0.1",
"broadcast": "global",
"netmask": "255.255.0.0",
"network": "172.17.0.0"
},
"macaddress": "02:42:63:e7:2f:42",
"mtu": 1500,
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],
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},
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},
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},
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}
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